A Study On Spanish Elementary And Intermediate Students' Acquisition Of Chinese Interrogative Sentences

Focusing on the interrogative sentence system of modern Chinese,this study researches the acquisition of Spanish primary and intermediate learners.The main contents are as follows:(1)Adopting qualitative and quantitative methods,this paper analyzes the errors of learners' interrogative sentences from three aspects: the types of errors,the quantity of errors,and the causes of errors.The study found that there are two main types of learners' errors: grammatical errors and pragmatic errors.The order of grammatical errors is as below according to the errors' frequency: substitution > addition > omission > others > mix-up > sequence > compound,the order of pragmatic errors is as below according to the errors' frequency: the positive and the negative question > the yes/no question > alternative question > the special question.we also analysis the error sources mainly from four perspectives:the negative transfer of mother tongue,overgeneralization of target language,acquisition difficulty and teaching environment.(2)Through the study on the correct interrogative sentences of group and individual learners,we summarize the acquisition process and law on interrogative sentence of Spanish elementary and intermediate learners.By comparing with learners of other language background,we sum up the characteristics of Spanish learners'acquisition in the aspect of Chinese interrogative sentence.The order of acquisition of four kinds of interrogative sentences by Spanish learners is as follows:the special question>the yes/no question>the positive and the negative question>alternative question;In the yes/no question aspect,in writing language,the acquisition of‘?'question is earlier than no modal words question,while in the spoken language,the result is the contrary.In the special question aspect,the types of questions words learned by the primary learners are more than the native learners and other second language learners,the process of learning structures with‘?'and‘?+measure word'are relatively slow;in the positive and negative question aspect,learners have begun to acquire the sentence at the initial stage,but the process of obtaining‘XXX,???'structure is rather lengthy;in the alternative question aspect,learners learn the sentence at a late stage and just acquire the simple sentence pattern.(3)Based on the research on the four main Chinese textbooks in Spain,combining with the acquisition characteristics of Spanish learners,this paper puts forward five suggestions from two aspects of teachers and teaching materials,aiming to boost the development of Chinese teaching activities in Spanish-speaking countries.(4)The paper summarizes the innovation of the research objects,contents and methods,andmakes some reflections on the aspect of data collection and error analysis.