Spatial Morphology And Influencing Factors Of Historical And Cultural Towns In Jiangxi Province

Historical and cultural towns have an important role in inheriting traditional history and culture as an important part of our country's historical and cultural heritage.With the progress of social and economic development,the protection of historical and cultural towns has increasingly become a concern for people.Historical and cultural towns contain many cultural information in Jiangxi province.Its research helps deepen modern people's understanding of the traditions,and at the same time,it can also provide a scientific reference for the protection and development of other historical and cultural towns.The study selected ten national-level historical and cultural famous towns in Jiangxi province.After detailed consideration of its historical evolution,comprehensive analysis of its overall spatial structure characteristics and in-depth exploration of its spatial elements,the spatial morphological characteristics were analyzed.First of all,the historical and cultural towns of Jiangxi are classified from the aspects of geographical environment,economic landscape,traditional functions,and overall spatial layout,and their characteristics are summarized.Then the GIS topology was used to quantify the morphological characteristics of the historical and cultural towns using spatial syntax,and the spatial patterns of spatial elements,streets and buildings were carefully discussed,and the factors affecting the spatial patterns were summarized.Finally,summarizing the previous conclusions,and combining the analysis of its current situation,proposes corresponding countermeasures for its protection and development.Research indicates:(1)In the ten national historical and cultural famous towns,except Anyuan Town which near the mountain,all other towns are of the type of waterfront or near the mountain and by the river,and all belong to the type of economic development or the type of economic underdevelopment.According to the main traditional functions,they can be divided into cultural types(Shangqing town,Futian town),production and processing types(Xuwan town,Shitang town,Yonghe town,Yaoli town),trade-distributing(Hekou town),and transportation hubs(Yiqian town)and Revolutionary History(Anyuan town,Geyuan town).The layout of the overall space includes strips layout(Anyuan town,Shitang town,Yaoli town),radial layout(Hekou town,Xuwan town,Shangqing town,Yonghe town),and group layout(Geyuan town,Yiqian town,Futian town).(2)The analysis of the spatial form of historical and cultural towns in Jiangxi province using spatial connection value,control value,average depth value,degree of integration and intelligibility.It is found that the spatial connection value of ten towns is more balanced,the overall average value is 2.49,showing little difference,except Anyuan town,the connection value of each famous town is mostly located between 1-7,and the maximum value is mostly between 5-7,and are located in the town of the main streets or streets with longer paths;The difference of control value is not obvious,the average of minimum value and maximum value are 0.27 and 2.87.The position of the maximum value is mostly located in the main street part of the township or the main road in the local space.The mean depth value was 9.01 and the whole depth value was 1408.88;The space is a combination of local space aggregation,and the whole is more dispersed,The average degree of global and local integration is 0.63 and 1.17;The core degree of integration is basically located in the central part of the township,located in the main trade street or the main road along the river.The connection between the local space and the global space is at a medium or lower level,the intelligibility is between 0.4 and 0.7,with an average of 0.51.(3)According to the spatial pattern of streets and alleys of historical and cultural towns in Jiangxi province,the overall pattern is network type,unilateral fish skeleton type and fish skeleton type.The connection type is mainly T-shaped,and the laying materials are generally used as stone slabs,cobblestones,etc.In the structure of street and lane,the D / H value of street space is between 0.5-1.2;while the roadway is relatively small,the D/H value is 0.3-0.5;at the same time,it also includes the square gate,ancient wells and other space nodes.(4)According to the spatial pattern of architecture of historical and cultural towns in Jiangxi province,the majority of surviving historic buildings dates from the Ming and Qing dynasties,except that Anyuan and Geyuan were mainly in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China;and the architectural functions were mainly residential.Commercial buildings are generally arranged along the street,and most of the public buildings are located in the core position of local space;the number of building floors is mostly one or two stories,the image is mainly sloping roof,the lighting is mostly used in the patio,and it has the characteristics of nationality,region and inheritance.(5)The spatial form of historical and cultural towns in Jiangxi province is influenced by nature,history,social economy,etc.The natural factors contain terrain,water system,the historical factors are mainly population migration and regional culture,and the social and economic factors are clan,transportation,characteristic industry and commercial trade.(6)There are many problems in the present situation of the historical and cultural towns in Jiangxi province.The principles of authenticity,integrity,cultural diversity and sustainability should be adhered to in the future protection and development.Improve the protection system of laws and regulations,strengthen supervision and management,raise residents' awareness of protection,strengthen building protection and improvement,continue traditional culture,optimize the overall appearance,enhance the vitality of townships,and attract various sources of funds to promote the common development of protection and tourism.