| In the 1950 s and 60 s,Chinese mainstream literature is based on revolutionary realism.Lin Hai Xue Yuan is such a reflection of the liberation war and is iconic in the same kind of revolutionary fiction.As the novel came out,it caused quite a response in the society at that time.Subsequently,the book had been translated into many foreign languages.The movie and TV drama adapted from it are quite widely known to the public.Sidney Shapiro is a famous foreign translator who enjoys a great reputation in the circle of Chinese translation.Tracks in the Snowy Forest is very representative of his series of translation works of revolutionary novels.However,for such a well-known novel enjoyed by people of different countries,only a few studies were conducted on its foreign language translation.This thesis intends to break the limitations of previous studies on the translation of Lin Hai Xue Yuan and explores the influence of ideology,poetics and patronage on rewriting of Lin Hai Xue Yuan.It is expected that the research could deepen the understanding of Sidney Shapiro's translation activities and help readers gain some insight into the translation characteristics of Chinese literary works translated during 1949-1966.This paper mainly uses the methods of comparative text analysis,theoretical analysis and enumeration to make the study.Through the comparison between the source text and its English version,the paper mainly explores these questions below:1)What were the dominant ideological and poetological features in newly-established China when Shapiro translated Lin Hai Xue Yuan ? 2)How was Shapiro's translation Tracks in the Snowy Forest influenced by ideology,poetics and patronage of his time?Through the study,the author found that at the beginning of the foundation of the PRC,confronted with the threats of imperialism and capitalism from outside and the threats of feudal remnants and reactionary forces from interior,China's international and domestic situation was grim.The newly-established China was eager to show itself to the world;through the promotion of its new image,China intended to make the world better understand it,thus established a legal position and shaped a brand new image in the world,creating a good international environment for socialist construction and development.Under the manipulation of the mainstream ideology of then China,Chinese outward literary translation was controlled by the state and politics-oriented.When the PRC was newly founded,socialist revolution and construction became the leading ideology and mainstream discourse of the time,and socialist realism was officially established as the highest standard for literary creation and criticism.In this social background,grand revolutionary narrative was the onlyreasonable and allowed narrative mode.In this mode of narration,people's private life and sentiment as well as sex were considered as “something of capitalism” and thus should be abandoned.In the process of translation,Sidney Shapiro glorified the revolutionary heroes,made a flexible handling of the descriptions related to feudal dross and superstitions as well as emphasized PLA's identity,all of which reflected the influence of the dominant ideology of then China.The manipulation of the poetics on translation activity was also very obvious.Under the influence of grand revolutionary narrative,Shapiro made a rewriting of the translation of love-related narratives and a wide range of omissions were overt.The influence of English poetics forced Shapiro to accordingly make adjustments to the allusion to historical figures and the translation of ballads and ditties.Meanwhile the patronage FLP,under the direct lead of government,manipulated the selection of translated materials,translators and the text production of translation to some degree or another. |
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