Gender Difference Of College Students' Fairness Behaviors And The Underlying Mechanism In Games

Fairness is the core of altruistic behavior and has always been paid much attention by people.In the past,researchers usually used the game paradigm to examine people's fairness behavior,but traditional first-party tasks(such as dictator game)can only examine the self-centered inequality of the subjects,and third-party tasks(such as third-party game)can only examine the non-self-centered inequality,and these studies usually used the amount of money received by recipients as a dependent variable and did not fully reflect the fairness of the subjects.In addition,many researchers have found that fairness behavior exists gender difference,but these studies often only explain this difference from the perspective of social and cultural externalities,and pay less attention to the cognitive processing of different gender subjects.The difference may have an impact.At the same time,the researchers found that different genders' subjects have differences in cognitive processing methods.Men prefer to reflective processes,while women prefer to intuitive processes.The difference of gender in cognitive processing may also have an impact on subjects' fairness.In order to solve the above problems,this study designed the following three experiments:Experiment 1: 70 college students in Hangzhou were selected by convenient sampling,the dictator game and the three-player dictator game were used to explore the gender differences of college students' fairness behavior.The results showed that:(1)In the two dictator games,the allocated money of women were higher than that of men;(2)In dictator game(take condition)and three-player dictator game,the self-centered inequality of women were lower than that of men;(3)The allocated money of college students in the three-player dictator game were higher but the degree of fairness were lower.Experiment 2: 161 college students in Hangzhou were selected by convenient sampling,the dictator game and the three-player dictator game were used to explore the influence of time constraints on the fairness of college students of different genders.The results showed that:(4)Among the female students,the allocated money in the normal group and the intuitive group were higher than the deliberative group in dictator game;The self-centered inequality in the normal group and the intuitive group were lower than the deliberative group in both dictator games;(5)Among the male students,the allocated money in the normal group and the deliberative group were lower than the intuitive group,and the self-centered inequality were higher than the intuitive group.Experiment 3:146 college students in Hangzhou were selected by convenient sampling.The mini three-player dictator game task was used to explore the influence of time constraints on the inequity aversion of college students of different genders after controlling the fairness norm.The results showed that:(6)Among the female students,the inequity aversion scores in the normal group and the intuitive group were higher than the deliberative group;(7)Among the male students,the self-inequity aversion in the normal group and the deliberative group was lower than the intuitive group.In summary,people in the three-player dictator game have a higher allocated money than dictator game,but the degree of fairness is lower;female students are fairer than male,and female students are more inclined to adopt intuitive processing,and behavior is fairer;while male students are sometimes in line with reflective processing,behavior is more selfish,and sometimes there is no obvious preference.The results of this study validate the social heuristic hypothesis.