Research On Middle Chemistry Education In The Period Of Republic Of China(1927-1949)

The chemical education in the period of the Nanjing National Government was developed on the basis of inheriting the achievements of chemical education in the late Qing and early Republic of China.The earliest chemistry education in China began in the Westernization School during the Westernization Movement.However,in this period of chemistry education,each school was drafted in terms of years of study,curriculum,and curriculum standards.There were no uniform standards,and most of the chemistry teachers were held by foreigners.Chemistry education during this period was in its infancy.During the New Deal period in the late Qing Dynasty,chemical education officially became an important part of the secondary education system.The chemistry textbooks in the modern sense were also born.Most of the chemistry textbooks in this period were translated from Japan,and the number was large.After entering the Republic of China,chemistry was still a compulsory course for middle schools.After the Yuwu School System in chemistry education,China's chemistry education has been truly improved and developed,and has entered the stage of modern education.The period of the Nanjing National Government was the fastest-growing period of modern chemistry education,and it has achieved a series of achievements,but it is also somewhat inadequate.Between 1927 and 1949,the Nanjing National Government formulated a series of policies to promote the development of secondary chemistry education,and successively issued five standards for secondary chemistry courses.As a reference for the preparation of chemistry textbooks and chemistry teaching and assessment,the curriculum standards have promoted the development of chemistry education to some extent.Although the curriculum standards have been revised,there are still problems such as lack of guiding ideology,complicated outlines,and too few hours of study.During the period of the Nanjing National Government,the self-edited textbooks became the main body of the chemistry textbooks,changing the situation in which foreign chemistry textbooks have became mainstream since the end of the Qing Dynasty.Thanks to the introduction of curriculum standards and the efforts ofchemistry educators,the Nanjing National Government published a large number of medium-sized chemistry textbooks,many of which were rare,but the textbooks of this period were still not as popular as some translated textbooks,reflecting domestic Textbooks were still immature.As an implementer of chemical education,chemistry teachers have greatly improved their quality during the Nanjing National Government.Most middle school chemistry teachers graduated from domestic universities and even foreign universities in chemistry or other related science majors,but most chemistry teachers had never received specialized training.Education had led to a lack of pedagogy and teaching experience.Chemistry teachers were still relatively scarce teachers in secondary schools.Chemistry teaching must have experimental cooperation.The Ministry of Education had done a lot of work for the normal development of chemical experiments.However,due to the lack of equipment,most junior high schools and some high schools were unable to carry out experimental teaching.The chemical education in the period of the Nanjing National Government had a successful side and a side of failure.The success was that after 22 years of development,secondary chemistry education had become an important part of secondary education.Even during the war,it had been maintained and developed,and the process of establishment of medium chemistry education in China since modern times had been completed.The education authorities and the majority of chemists had contributed to this.However,there were also problems in chemistry education such as immature curriculum standards,excessive weight of teaching materials,inappropriate teaching methods,lack of teachers,experimental inefficiency,and uneven regional development.The chemical education during the Nanjing National Government was deeply influenced by the current situation and had distinct characteristics of the times.The chemical education before the Anti-Japanese War served the construction.The chemical education in the wartime served as the war of resistance.After the war,the national government-led chemical education disappeared in the collapse of the People's Republic of China.With the establishment of the People's Republic of China,the chemical education ushered in a new life.