An Anafysis Of The Rise Of Kaifeng In The Mid-Late Tang And Five Dynasties And Reasons For Making Kaifeng As Capital Of Song Dynasty

There are many opinions about the reason why the Northern Song Dynasty capitalized Kaifeng.This paper answers this question from the perspective of climate change and water transport of grain.The Middle and Late Tang and Five Dynasties were in the Middle Tang cold period and the Late Tang Weak Monsoon Period,the climate turned cold,precipitation decreased,and the drought increased.Chang'an and Luoyang are located in the hinterland of the mainland,gradually deviating from the economic center of gravity,while the ecological deterioration continues,losing the favorable conditions for continuing to be the capital,and Kaifeng is in the plains,has good natural and ecological conditions,convenient transportation,mild climate,suitable for establishing the capital here.During the Middle and late Tang Dynasty,the center of gravity of China's economy continued to move southward.The Tang Dynasty lost control of Hebei and Shandong,and its financial focus also shifted southwards which made the water transport of grain increasingly important.Kaifeng was in the center of The Grand Canal and was the most important transportation hub in the north during the middle and late Tang and Five Dynasties.It gradually replaced Luoyang as the economic center of the north and finally became the capital of Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty.The Grand Canal had played an important role in making Kaifeng as the capital of China at that time.Kaifeng promoted and safeguarded the water transport of grain of The Grand Canal and The Grand Canal brought prosperity to Kaifeng.