On The Aesthetic Types Of Calligraphy In The Calligraphy Theory Of Ming Dynasty And Its Relation With The Calligraphy Style Of The Times

Ming Dynasty is an indispensable and important period in the history of Chinese calligraphy.During this period,there were several influential calligraphers,such as Zhu Yunming,Dong Qichang,Xu Wenchang and Wang Duo,who all occupied an important historical position in calligraphy.The achievement of these calligraphers is the result of many factors,one of which is the guidance of calligraphy theory to modern calligraphy.This paper takes the Ming Dynasty’s Book Theory as the main research object,and makes a special study on the aesthetic types of the Ming Dynasty’s book theory.It discusses the relationship between Ming Dynasty’s literary theory and Book Theory from the early,middle and late stages of the Ming Dynasty,and the influence of literary theory on book theory.By using the methods of literature analysis and picture comparison,this paper classifies and studies Ming Dynasty’s calligraphy theory,and summarizes Ming Dynasty’s calligraphy theory into three categories: first,systematize Zhuxi’s Neo-Confucianism and produce corresponding calligraphy system;second,emphasize the subject consciousness,propagate the spirit of freedom,and attach importance to the exertion of individual talent;third,highlight personality while advocating ancient law.In addition,the relationship between the style of the times and the theory of calligraphy is also the focus of our attention.By comparing the Ming Dynasty calligraphy theory with the works of calligraphers,the author finds that the overall style of calligraphy in the Ming Dynasty is polarized.One is the style of literati’s scholarliness represented by Wen Zhengming and Dong Qichang,and the other is the unique and romantic style represented by Xu Wei and Wang Duo.These two calligraphic styles are the most outstanding achievements of the Ming Dynasty,and there are numerous calligraphers affected by them.This also became the mainstream style of the Ming Dynasty,especially from the middle of the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty,in order to fight against the decline of the literary world since the early Ming Dynasty.Starting with Wumen School of Calligraphy,Yunjian School of Calligraphy and the School of Innovation under the influence of emphasizing individual emancipation of mind,the author finds that there is a great relationship between the writing style of the times and the composition of the theory of calligraphy.This relationship is influenced by the contemporary philosophical trend of thought.The literary theory and Book theory produced under the influence of many philosophical schools directly act on the creative subject,making it the main factor affecting the aesthetic types of these book theories,thus determining the relationship between the style of the times and the book theory of the Ming Dynasty.Wen,Dong,Xu and Wang,as the leaders of the Kaizong School in the Ming Dynasty,consciously carried the theoretical banner leading the style of the times.These calligraphers not only rely on their own calligraphy works to edify people,but also rely on their calligraphy theory to guide the positive development of calligraphy,which has far-reaching impact on future generations.