The Study On The Investigation Room In Mongolian And Tibetan Affairs Commission (In 1928-1948)

At the beginning of the Republic of China,the central government set up the Mongolian and Tibetan committee to administer the key tasks in Mongolia and Tibet.However,since it was not long before the Qing government was overthrown,all parties held different views on the direction of the new government,and therefore,with factionalism and infighting,it was difficult to attach importance to border affairs.After the unification of Nanjing national government,the concept of national sovereignty and frontier was getting more and more consummate.In addition,Anti-Japanese War required the "home front",which made the whole country pay more and more attention to frontier issues.In 1928,the national government of Nanjing established the Mongolian and Tibetan committee.On the surface,it seemed to be only the evolution of the Mongolian and Tibetan affairs bureau and the Mongolian and Tibetan institute of Beiyang Government.In fact,the central government attached much more importance to it than before.The Nanjing national government was eager to rectify the Mongolian and Tibetan border administration,but due to the remote distance and lack of transportation in the border area,the government and people's understanding of the border area was outdated and stereotyped.To avoid the policy became "short file",speciousness but difficult to implement,central government decided not to plan the construction of border administration abruptly,but the first to formulate the outline of settling the frontier and field survey,then sending the investigation team and specialist in-depth rimland,to gather new and more reliable information on the frontier through the transfer of official documents and field visits,in order to offer the reference and the central government commission for Mongolian and Tibetan.After that,in order to grasp the dynamics of the frontier for a long time,an investigation room was set up to take charge of the frontier investigation related affairsThe investigation room was a subordinate department in charge of the Mongolian and Tibetan committee,mainly responsible for frontier investigation and compilation of information and intelligence collected by investigation teams and investigators in frontier areas.These kinds of investigation report whether sent it tothe relevant departments,or put it into a book to be published.Points in every division of investigators not only to investigate the responsibility areas of terrain,climate,politics,economy,military,mining,animal husbandry,and external relations,and public opinion,but also responsible for propagandizing the dignitaries of the central government to the locals,and moreover some investigators was occupied in intelligence research and booked into relevant papers or popularizer.The investigation room was set up by the Mongolian and Tibetan committees to provide a strong basis for the Tibetan committees to formulate border policy.At the same time,these reports were also helpful to the study of border areas,which further strengthened the training of border officials by the government and indirectly promoted the construction of border politics at that time.Moreover,the investigator is one of the direct personnel of the government to contact the people in the border area.They have propagandized the government decree in the local area,assisted local education development,in order to make the local people comprehend the central government,and so as to consolidate the authority of the government and maintain the unification of the border area.During the period of the Nanjing National Government,the investigation room established by the Mongolian and Tibetan committees was undoubtedly the most basic "bridge" connecting the central government and the border areas.It not only played an important role in enhancing the mutual understanding between the inland and the border areas,but also made contributions to stabilizing China's border areas.