A Study On Special Momentum Quantifiers In Modern Chinese Dialects

This paper takes the special momentum classifiers in modern Chinese dialects as the research object,and makes a comprehensive and systematic description,analysis and comparison of their dialect distribution,similarities and differences with Putonghua.At the same time,it also makes a detailed case study of the abundant use of the three momentum classifiers "Pan","Can" and "Dao" from the perspectives of geographical distribution,diachronic evolution,grammatical function and semantic characteristics.According to the semantic features,we classify momentum classifiers into five categories:counting momentum classifiers,continuous momentum classifiers,global momentum classifiers,spatial momentum classifiers and other momentum classifiers.According to the comparison with Putonghua,each category can be further divided into three categories:A,Putonghua,and dialect and Putonghua use the same;B,Putonghua,although there are,but the use of dialect and Putonghua are different;C,Putonghua basically no,only dialect.Through the study,we find that:on the whole,the overall number of momentum classifiers in modern Chinese dialects is the most abundant,not only the overall number of more(5),but also the specific use of different situations:some Putonghua and dialects are exactly the same,such as "all over" and "dun;some Putonghua and dialects are used,although there are differences in usage,such as"field",and some are only.In dialects,such as "blooming" "meal" "counting momentum classifier" and "continuous momentum classifier",there is little difference in the use of Mandarin and dialect.Most of them can be used in Mandarin or dialect,and their usage is different.Only a few of them,such as "Xia" and "Fan",have certain differences between Mandarin and dialect;only spatial momentum classifier and other momentum classifiers appear more in dialect.In Mandarin,there are only a few such as "wake,wheel,dish,Tao" and so on.There are also some differences in usage and dialect."Pan","Can" and "Dao" momentum quantifiers are not used in Putonghua,but they are widely distributed in dialects.They can be used as adverbials and complements together with words,except for their grammatical functions.Their dialect distribution,specific collocation and semantic characteristics are different.From the point of view of dialect distribution,the momentum classifier Pan and Dao are mainly distributed in some dialect points in the northern dialect area,while the use of the momentum classifier Dinner is widespread.In the seven major dialect areas of Chinese,except Hunan dialect and Fujian dialect,other dialect areas are used.From the point of view of the generation time,"Tao" originated in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,and "Pan" and "Dinner" originated in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.From the source point of view,some come from nouns,some come from verbs,but they are the result of the reanalysis of noun classifiers.The momentum quantifier Pan came into being in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and came from the reanalysis of the noun "Pan".The evolution path of the momentum quantifier "meal" is as follows:verb "swallow"-noun "thing used to swallow"-noun quantifier weighing food-momentum quantifier weighing eating action-momentum quantifier weighing "suffer" meaning verb "eat" and other verbs-scaling,scolding and speaking,etc.Dao,as one of the basic semantic features of noun classifiers,[+track/imprint],is the semantic basis for its further evolution into momentum classifiers.From the perspective of semantic features and grammatical functions,"Pan" can weigh not only chess and game related actions,but also some verbs expressing general action actions.Its semantic feature is that it has the meaning of "integration"and "relaxation and joy",and its spoken language is full of color."Can" can be matched with diet,scolding,speech,walking and other general behavior.There are five kinds of semantics in different dialects:approximate to "tong",with the characteristics of "greater cumulative measure" and "stronger action integrity";approximate to "field",with the characteristics of "greater cumulative measure and longer experience";approximate to "trip","second" and "return" with the characteristics of "time-consuming and laborious";approximate to "everywhere";approximate to "mouth" and "bottom"."Dao" is often used with "walking class","working procedure class" and other daily actions such as "washing","speaking" and"seeking",etc.It has a wide range of usages and a large number of common actions.When collocated with "process" category,it contains the meaning of "complex".