The Organizational Change And Financial Function Of Xiaguan Chamber Of Commerce In Dali(1937-1949)

Dali area is not only the political.economic and cultural center of western Yunnan.but also the important transportation hub and trade Center of Yunnan and Myanmar.On this basis,since the late Qing Dynasty in Dali commercial town Xiaguan formation and development of the Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce,in China's comprehensive anti-Japanese war period and the war of liberation,this domestic political and economic forces unprecedented into Yunnan and the background of growth,the relationship between regional business activities,social control,and even local political,economic forces and the central government,Have had a wide and profound impact.Obviously,the study of Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce in this period will have different degrees of promotion to the study of regional business and social economy,the relationship between Southwest places and central China,and the Development of Chinese Chamber of Commerce,and there is no shortage of reference for the foreign exchanges in southwest China today.At present,the academic research results of the history of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce have been very fruitful,the development process,institutions and functions of the Chamber of Commerce since modern times have been well discussed,but also in Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Suzhou and other metropolitan Chambers of Commerce,as well as the central and Eastern,coastal areas and other typical regions of the Chamber of However,there is less research on the chambers of Commerce in the western region and the underdeveloped cities,and there is a lack of attention to the frontier Chambers of Commerce,which has formed an unbalanced phenomenon studied by the Chinese modern Chamber of Commerce.As far as the study of the Southwest Frontier and the local history of Yunnan is concerned,the results are also more,and the historical development of the Southwest in the period of the Republic of China and its relationship with the mainland have been studied,and the discussion of the development of the Southwest Chamber of Commerce in Dali is relatively weak.The systematic research of Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce has not been carried out well,which restricts us from discussing and examining the Southwest frontier of modern times from the unique elements of the modern society of Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce.In view of this,this paper is divided into three chapters,the background of the establishment and development of Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce.Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce in the comprehensive anti-Japanese war period from the committee system to the regulatory system of organizational change and staff distribution characteristics,Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce in the war of liberation in the period of financial control functions and other aspects of special combing and discussion.Through efforts,this paper has achieved some new gains in the study of this problem:First of all,in the collection and use of research materials have been expanded.On the basis of the collection and utilization of traditional historical documents and historical literature data,the author went to Dali and Xiaguan to carry out research and data collection,and obtained 20 volumes of Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce materials in Dali State Archives,which formed an important support for the research of this paper.and also benefited the academic community's understanding and attention to this data.Secondly,it probes into the historical background of the formation of Shimonoseki Chamber of Commerce,including the Dali economy during the founding of Shimonoseki Chamber of Commerce and the development of business in western Yunnan,the historical environment established by the Chinese Chamber of Commerce,the political game between Yunnan and the central government,etc.It is considered that the establishment of Shimonoseki Chamber of Commerce is the result of the combination of modern commercial development and the formation of the gentleman class,the rise of grassroots democratic forces in modern China,and the game of the local and central authorities on the dominant power,which played an important role in the formation of the relevant characteristics of the Shimonoseki Chamber of Commerce.Thirdly,for the first time,this paper systematically discusses the characteristics of the organizational structure,the composition of the staff,the electoral system and the intervention of political party forces under the committee system and the supervision system of the Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce during the comprehensive anti-Japanese war It embodies the central government's desire to include civil society and other private organizations in the control of the Chamber of Commerce under the policy of wartime domination,although the Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce has ostensibly established a set of modern and standardized organizational systems and electoral processes,but in fact the distribution of power within the Chamber of Commerce still reflects the principle of the absolute status of large business and firm firms.Chamber of Commerce elections are still dominated by blood and geography.Although the Kuomintang forces have been involved to a certain extent in the Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce,but the interests of party members on behalf of who can not be discern.Finally,it analyzes the role of Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce in the relationship between the central government and the local government in the period of war of liberation,and its financial function under the special background of regime change,the currency crisis of the national government and the tension of the land.During the war of Liberation,the local power in Yunnan and Chiang's central government launched a competition for the control of the currency in Yunnan,and with the failure of the French currency and King policies at this time,as well as the poor trade between Burma and Myanmar,the instability of the war situation and other reasons,the impact of the financial functions of the Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce is very important.As an institution under the control of the big merchants and capitalists,the Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce,although ostensibly performing government functions as a subordinate body of the central government,is actually influenced by the decline of local powerful forces in Nanjing National government and Yunnan province,and the performance of its financial functions embodies different characteristics.This shows that in the period of the transition of China's grassroots power,the nature of the modern Xiaguan Chamber of Commerce is roughly between the local self-government organs and the subordinate institutions of the Government,and in the process of transforming from the former to the latter.