A Research On The Different Characters Of The Dunhuang Handwriting Copy Chun Qiu Gu Liang Zhuan

In 1900,more than 50,000 volumes of ancient scripts and a small number of prints in the5-11 century were unearthed in the 17^thcave of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang,Gansu.The Confucian classics in Dunhuang documents are mostly copies of the Six Dynasties and Tang ang Five Dynasties,which are closer to the original appearance of the classics handed down editions and occupy an extremely important position in the history of classics.And the characters,words,sentences used in the manuscript are very different from those in the handed down.Therefore.it's necessary to sort out and study the Confucian classics of Dunhuang documents.This article takes Chun Qiu Gu Liang Zhuan,one of the three explanatory works of the Confucian classics,as the research object,and focus on linguistic studies.Based on the textual research of ancient documents,this paper makes a comprehensive study of the variant between written and handed down edition.?Here the variants refer to all the characters,phrases in the handwriting copy which are in different forms with those in Shi San Jing Zhu Shu and Si Bu Cong Kan.?There are four parts in this article:1.The research on the original and the loan characters of the variants in the handwriting copy and the using characteristics and meanings of the original and the loan characters.According to the statistics,there are 10 pairs of the original-loan characters in the copy.Research findings are summarized as follows:The number of the situation that the variants between handwriting copy and handed down edition is the largest,which account for 70%;Fifty percent of the pattern of original and loan characters between handwriting copies and handed down editions are similar.And most of the time,the characters'pattern in handwriting copies are simpler than those in handed editions.This shows that when writing,the writer not only looks for homophones to replace them,but also tends to look for close words and write more easily;Sometimes the different between original and loan characters is only a semantic mark,which is as the form relationship between sources characters and derivatives,therefore,it is not advisable to judge the internal relation according to the characters'pattern.2.The research on the sources characters-derivatives,and the original�cognate characters.1)The sources characters and derivatives.Research findings are summarized as follows:The ways to form characters of derivatives in handwriting copies and handed down edition is adding a semantic mark on the sources characters;The three examples are all the situation that the source characters record the derived meanings,and the derivatives are the new characters that created for the derived meanings;Some derivatives is closely related to the social culture in ancient China.2)Sources characters,original characters-cognate characters.There are ten pairs characters belonging to the Sources characters,original characters-cognate characters relationship,including four types.Among them there are three pairs that the handwriting copies use sources characters and the handed down edition use cognate characters.There are three pairs that the handwriting copies use the original characters and the handed down edition use cognate characters.There are three pairs that the handwriting copies use cognate characters and handed down edition use original characters.There is one pair that the handwriting copies and the handed down edition all use original characters.Research findings are summarized as follows:The pronunciations and the meanings are interconnected between the original and cognate characters;The original and cognate characters have the same feature of meaning;The original and cognate characters usually have the common configuration element which is usually the sources character;The cognate characters can reflect certain traditional culture in ancient China;Sometimes the character that record cognate words are the simplified and differentiated characters.3.The research on the standardized characters and the variant characters add up to 53.Research findings are summarized as follows:The number of the characters that have different strokes is the largest accounting for 81.1%which includes six in the handed down editions and 37 in the handwriting copies;There are seven types of the formation reasons and the variants.Firstly,there are nineteen variants produced by the evolution of Li script is the largest,which is the maximum number,accounting for 35.8%.The first tape is that the evolution of Li script makes strokes straight.The second type is that the evolution of Li script makes the characters simpler.The third type is that the evolution of Li script makes the component of characters more diversified.Secondly,there are ten variants produced by the similar form accounting for 18.9%.Thirdly,there five variants produced by the application process.Fourthly,there are thirteen variants produced by the different writers.Fifthly,there are two variants come from the ancient characters.Sixthly,there is one variant produced by variation of the social custom.Seventhly,there are 3 variants produced by the traditional social custom called Bihui Some variants embody the traditional social custom in ancient China.4.The research on the variant terms.According to the statistics,there are ten variant terms between the handwriting copies and handed down editions.The variant terms have three types.The first type is the mistake of the handed down edition.The second type is the gap of the handed down edition.The third type is that the handed down edition and the handwriting copies are both applicable but use a pair of synonyms.