The Study On Deed System Of Xilaojiangying Village In Tumote In Middle And Late Qing Dynasty

Agriculture developed rapidly in Tumote Area in middle and later period of Qing Dynasty after immigration and land reclamation.So did land circulation.Generally,frequent land transfers and more refugees who lost their land lead to various destabilizing factors,and therefore shake the foundation of feudal society while deed system helps to stabilize society and reduce civil disputes.This paper studies the title deed system in Xilaojiangying Village in middle and later period of Qing Dynasty,and thereby analyzes its classifications,contents,and writing principles,etc.to find out the characteristics and evolvement of title deed system at the time.The 1st part of this paper analyzes social background,humanistic background and policies on ethnic groups of the above-mentioned system,introduces historical materials about the said system to further understand the ethnic policies on Mongolians of Qing Government,the process of immigration,and corresponding social changes.This part also discusses potential cultural values of title deeds.Also introduced in Chapter 2 are the contents of the contracts.The related contract forms are carefully classified according official involvement and specific contents of the contracts,illustrating respectively the characteristics and uses of the papers.Chapter 3,through in-depth analysis of the perpetual tenancy of Xilaojiangying Village,analyzes the causes of the origination of the perpetual tenancy.Meanwhile,reclamation at that time was introduced as evidence to prove the importance of the rights and duties of the tenants,Next,a summary of the previous contents is given,summing up the characteristics of the deed system in Tumote area in the Qing Dynasty,and thus to indicate the variety of the title deeds promoted by agricultural development at that time.Frequent land leases brought out more flexible land management patterns,and land transfer gradually became steady.All this contributed to the eventual integration of the Han and Mongolian nationalities,and the Qing's economic pattern was geared toward diversified development.In this sense,land contracts are an important factor in maintaining social stability.That is why increasing attention has been paid to them.Exploration of the content and development of land contracts can give us further understanding,in simple terms,of the villagers' life in Xilaojiangying Village,and more importantly,of the characteristics of the title deed system and its function in agricultural development in the whole Tumote area.