The Contrastive Study Of Chinese "Zenme" And Russian "???"

The Chinese "Zenme" and the Russian “???” are important interrogative words in their respective language systems.Chinese scholars have always attached great importance to the interrogative and non-interrogative usage of "Zenme".There are also lots of researches on “???” in the Russian academic circles,but they mainly focus on its usage as conjunction and modal particle,less on its usage as interrogative word.At the same time,we have not found the contrastive study of "Zenme" and “???”.In view of this,this article will contraste the interrogative and non-interrogative usage of "Zenme" and “???”,which is guided by the theory of comparative linguistics,based on that they can both be used as interrogative words and translated into each other in the dictionary.The first chapter of this article is an introduction: it mainly introduces predecessor's research summary and the scope,purpose and method of the research,then the source of corpus.The second chapter is contrastive study about interrogative usage of these two words.It is mainly divided into two parts,the first one is contrasting the usage of“Zenme" and “???",when they constitute single-word questions expressing interrogation.The second one is contrasting the syntactic function of "Zenme" and"???",when they act as the syntax ingredient.The usage of "Zenme" and "???"have their similarities,when they constitute single-word questions,but in most cases they cannot be translated word for word.In the sentence,although both words can be used as adverbial of manner,there are differences in their specific usage.When they serve as predicate,the two words are completely different.In addition,“Zenme” can be used as attribute,“???" cannot be used as this,"???" can be used as adverbial of degree,and "Zenme" cannot be used as this.In the third chapter,we contrast the non-interrogative referential function of“Zenme" and “???",their referential function have differences and something in common.“Zenme"and “???" both have same usages,such as arbitrary indication,abstract indication and enumerating lots of items.“???" can be used together with “???” can express the meaning of “this thing” or “that is like",“Zenme"does not have this usage.In the forth chapter,we contrast non-instruction usage of “Zenme " and“???".Both "Zenme" and "???" can be used to express interrogative mood and exclamation.The negative form of "Zenme" can express conciliatory tone,while "???" does not have this usage."???" can express affirmative and frightend tone,while "Zenme" does not have this usage.In the fifth chapter,we combine the research results of this article with the basic theoretical knowledge of teaching Chinese as a foreign language,and propose specific suggestions in order to teach the Chinese word “Zenme”better.