| Geographical nouns not only carry geographical name information,but also contain rich knowledge of geography,history,culture,etc.Geographical nouns are a kind of proprietary vocabulary.Dialect nouns belong to dialect vocabulary,have obvious local colors,and have typical local characteristics in terms of form and meaning.The form is the phonetic form,written form and word formation of the nouns in the dialect.Meaning includes two aspects: rational meaning and motivational meaning.Rational meaning is the characteristic of geographical entities expressed by geographical names,and motivational meaning is the naming motivation of geographical names and the cultural connotation behind it.In this paper,we collected 4096 geographical nouns in Ning County,Qingyang City,Gansu Province through map retrieval and field survey,etc.,and conducted a comprehensive study on dialect and nouns in Ning County using descriptive methods and statistical methods.Studying Ningxian geographical nouns can help to mine Ningxian's history,culture and other information,help to understand Ningxian's geographical features,and can greatly enhance people's awareness of the protection of place names.At the same time,research from the perspective of linguistics can also provide new ideas for people to study place-name vocabulary and strengthen people's understanding of language laws.The phonetic features of the nouns in Ningxian dialect are mainly analyzed in conjunction with Ningxian dialect.First,it summarizes the Ningxian phonetic system,including 29 initials,33 finals,and 4 single-tone tones.Compared with Mandarin,there are 7 more initials and 6 fewer finals.There are also four types of tones,with different types and values.Secondly,the phonological characteristics of Ningxian dialect are briefly explained.The tone change of the two-character place names is investigated.A total of 17 continuous tone modulation patterns are found,and the assimilation,alienation,shedding,and harmony in Ningxian place names are analyzed.Finally,the syllable structure and collocation of the nouns in Ning County are sorted out.The general and proper names of Ningxian dialect nouns mainly explore the external and internal forms of Ningxian dialect nouns.There are 86 common names in Ning County.Among them,the common names of physical and geographic entities account for more than half,indicating the most common names of topography and landforms,followed by hydrology,and the least of mountains and rivers.The common name of human geography entity category is slightly less than that of natural geographical entity.The human architecture entity category has the largest proportion of artificial construction,reaching 25.58%,followed by the residential settlement category,accounting for 8.13%.Other categories accounted for 3.48%,the least.Among all the common name types,the natural entity category is "ditch,Tsui,and depression",and the human entity category is "village,village,temple".The proper names of place names in Ningxian County are composed of simple words and compound words,including single-syllable simple words and disyllabic simple words,including five compound compound words of positive,joint,verb,quantity,subject and predicate,pre-additive and Two additional compound words are added after the type.The nouns in Ningxian dialect are mainly composed of correct and verb-object proper names.The naming rationale of Ningxian dialect place names is mainly based on the actual meaning of Ningxian place names.It is initially divided into naming based on natural elements and naming based on human factors,and finally divided into nine due to mountainous landforms,hydrology,orientation,natural resources,surnames,beautiful wishes,cultural landscapes,historical events or characters,myths and legends or stories Detailed description of the subcategory.Among them,there are 820 place names named after mountainous landforms and 812 place names related to hydrology,which fully reflect the diversity of Ning County's geographical features.Because there are 978 names after surnames,accounting for 23.87% of all place names,these three categories account for the most,and the overall proportion is as high as 63.72%.In terms of the use of nouns in Ningxian dialects,the main use of the phenomenon and pronunciation of the nouns in Ningxian dialects is to investigate.The phenomenon of confusion of useful words in nouns in Ningxian dialects,such as "ge da and ge da ".In terms of pronunciation,through comparison with Mandarin,it is found that there are many dialect sounds in place names.In addition,some uncommon sounds in the pronunciation of place names are listed.Through the analysis of the use and pronunciation of place names,some suggestions are put forward for the standardization of place names in terms of words and pronunciation.Through the study of Ningxian dialect and place nouns,we concluded that Ningxian dialect and place nouns are not only inherited,but also epoch-making at the diachronic level,reflecting the history of the vicissitudes and the rise and fall of Ningxian area;It can be seen that the place names of Ning County have the typical topographic features of the Loess Plateau,and they are very regional. |
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