The Development Of The Distribution Theory From Adam Smith,David Ricardo To Karl Marx

The study of Marxist distribution theory in this paper begins with the study of the theories of classical political economics represented by Smith and Ricardo.Marx’s distributive theory is an important part of Marxist political economics.On the basis of critically inheriting Smith and Ricardo’s distributive theory,Marx formed its scientific distribution theory.This article is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction part,which mainly introduces the research background and research significance of the distribution theory.At the same time,it analyzes the research status of distribution theory and mainly discusses the study of distribution problems by Adam Smith,David Ricardo,Karl Marx,and contemporary capitalist economists and Chinese scholars.And introduced the three research methods used in this study and the main innovation of the paper.The research methods used in this paper are unified historical and logical methods,literature methods and comparative analysis methods.The innovation of this article lies in the fact that the exploration of Marx’s distribution theory is based on a comparative analysis of the distribution theory of classical political economy,and elaborates the improvement and development of Marx’s distribution theory through comparison.The second chapter is based on "The Wealth of Nations" and provides a detailed introduction and combing of Adam Smith’s theory of distribution,including some advantages and disadvantages of its distribution theory.First of all,it analyzes the core content of Adam Smith’s theory of distribution.For example,labor is the measure of national wealth,the distribution of income is based on the price structure of commodities,and the proportion and interrelation of wages,profits,land rent in wealth distribution.Secondly,it makes an objective assessment of Adam Smith’s theory of distribution.Adam Smith’s theory of distribution is based on the labor value theory of classical political economy,and on this basis elaborates that the distribution of wealth is affected by private rights.Of course,because of the two values of classical political economics,Adam Smith’s theory of distribution has inevitably produced a double viewpoint and laid the foundation for Say’s “trinity” formula.The third chapter is based on "Principles of Political Economy and Taxation" and elaborates David Ricardo’s inheritance and development of Adam Smith’s theory of distribution.For example,rent is not an integral part of commodity prices,and the natural price of commodities is divided into wages and profits,and the relative share of profits in income distribution tends to decline.At the same time,an objective assessment of David Ricardo’s distribution theory was made,including its outstanding contributions and deficiencies.He overcame Smith’s vacillation in the theory of labor value and adhered to the labor value theory in a down-to-earth manner.On this basis,he conducted an in-depth study of the issue of distribution.For example,the definition of wages is the value of the necessities of life and the analysis of the average of profits,but because of its own class limitations,his theory of distribution is based on the bourgeois position.Chapter 4 of this thesis elaborates the inheritance,criticism and development of Marx’s theory of distribution to Smith and Ricardo’s distribution theories based on "Das Kapital".It is the key chapter of this article.First of all,Marx inherited the theory of labor theory of value as the basis of the distribution theory,inherited Smith’s thought of ownership distribution,and inherited the idea of Ricardo’s average profit trend.Second,Marx criticized Smith and Ricardo’s theory of distribution,criticizing his hidden capitalist system as an eternal system,and criticizing its hidden rationality of exploitation.Finally,on the basis of critical succession,Marx developed the distribution theory.Based on the scientific labor theory of value,it reveals the essence of wages,and clarifies that the value of new labor creation is v+m,and on this basis,it further reveals the source and degree of exploitation of surplus value.This major discovery is Marx’s outstanding contribution to the theory of distribution,which in turn pushes the development of political economy to a peak.The fifth part of this paper is the conclusion part,which summarizes the whole process of Marx’s theory of distribution from inheritance,criticism to development and perfection.On the basis of scientific labor theory of value,Marx distinguished labor and labor,revealed the source of surplus value,and on this basis further revealed the law of distribution of capitalism.