The Historical Evolution Of Marx's Surplus Value Theory Under Monopoly Capitalis

The theory of surplus value is a key component of Marxist political economy and a powerful weapon through which Marx criticized the capitalist system.The theory of surplus value is based on the social and economic background of free competition.With the development of social productive forces,the capitalist system has entered the stage of monopoly capitalism,and the relations of production have been adjusted accordingly,and the capitalist social and economic order on which Marx’s theory of surplus value is based has changed dramatically.It is crucial to systematically sort out the new developments and applications of Marx’s surplus value theory in the new context of the times,both as the core of maintaining and developing the theoretical system of Marxist political economy and as the key to correctly solving real-world problems.This paper contains the following five main parts.In the first part,the background of this paper,the significance of the topic,the current situation of the research and the research ideas are comprehensively explained.Based on the social and economic reality of the world today,the paper summarizes the development of Marxist surplus value theory and the challenges it has faced since its introduction,and expounds the theoretical and practical significance of developing Marx’s surplus value theory under the new historical conditions.This paper will lay a solid foundation for the theoretical research of this paper and make up for the shortcomings of the academic research on the theory of surplus value,and on this basis,it will present the research lineage and methodology of this paper,and objectively and comprehensively evaluate the innovations and shortcomings of this paper.The second part is a systematic review of Marx’s theory of surplus value.In the second part,the origins,construction and applicability of Marx’s surplus value theory are systematically reviewed.In fact,the expressions of surplus product,pure product and profit all reflect the views of scholars on surplus in different eras.Marx put forward the doctrine of surplus value on the basis of criticizing the achievements of his predecessors and systematizing it,emphasizing the difference between absolute and relative surplus value.Finally,the difference between the theory of surplus value in the stage of free competitive capitalism and the stage of monopoly capitalism is discussed.In the third part,the evolution of the theory of surplus value under monopoly capitalism is studied.Some scholars have studied the shortcomings of surplus value theory under monopoly capitalism,while Baran and Sweezy put forward the economic surplus theory to make up for the shortcomings of surplus value theory on the basis of their previous studies.By combing through the collections of Baran and Sweezy’s letters,this paper elaborates on the process by which the two economists proposed this theory,as well as the consensus and disagreement that existed in the process.On this basis,it systematically discusses the core concepts,micro models,and offsetting factors of Baran and Sweezy’s economic surplus theory,evaluates its role in developing the surplus value theory,and highlights its defects and shortcomings relative to the surplus value theory,especially its neglect of the capitalist labor process.In the fourth part,an attempt is made to remedy the deficiencies of economic surplus theory for the study of the labor process and to study the application of surplus value theory to the labor process under monopoly capitalism.First,the evolution of the working class structure and the changes in labor-management relations within monopoly capitalist countries are analyzed,and on this basis,the impact of such changes on the surplus-value extraction mechanism is analyzed;second,the impact of the transnational flow of capital on the labor process and the surplus-value extraction mechanism in the stage of transnational monopoly capitalism is explored;finally,the role of the capitalist state in the evolution of labor-management relations and the transnational flow of capital is elaborated.Finally,the role of the capitalist state in the evolution of labor relations and transnational capital flows is discussed,and the hypocrisy of the capitalist system and the rise of "neo-colonialism" are revealed.In the fifth part,we discuss the treatment of the surplus problem in Marx’s surplus value theory under monopoly capitalism.This paper argues that Marx’s research method should be followed to analyze surplus value in the new context of the times,and that the theory should be abandoned and developed according to the real situation,in order to realize the theoretical relevance and applicability,and to provide some theoretical guidance for the social reality.