Abolishing Maladministration And Building New Thoughts:the Research Of Huang Zongxi's Political Philosophy

Huang Zongxi was one of the "three great thinkers" of the special "heaven collapse" era in the late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty.After witnessing the changes in various aspects of society,including politics,economy and ideology,as well as the experience and lessons accumulated by the party and the political practice of the qing dynasty,Huang Zongxi made a profound reflection and exploration on the causes of Ming perish,and wrote the great works of political thought,which contained its very creative and far-sighted ideas.Based on the study of the formation time and construction method of his political thought,this paper analyzes the political thought of huang zongxi from the perspective of form.First of all,from the perspective of "theory of human nature" and the perspective of the book of "Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu",the author argues that this view is only a description of the social situation in the early stage of human society,and the affirmation of the desire to satisfy the individual"self-sufficiency",because everyone pays attention to their own interests,but no one pays attention to the public interest of the group,which leads to the absence of the public interest of the group.Besides the public harm,it is precisely this kind of malpractice that makes the monarch appear.The monarch's service of the public interest of the group is a thousand times more than the same as the service of the public interest,which is the other part of Huang Zongxi's political thought.Huang's theory of monarchy broke through the theory of the divine right in the traditional Confucian political thought,and creatively put forward three aspects of his theory:"duty","abdication","abdication" theory and "sovereign state separation" theory.The role of the monarch is to promote the interests of the commumnity,protect the common interests of the community,protect the common interests of the group,and allow each individual to be self-satisfied.Only by performing their duties effectively can the monarch be seated.At the same time,Huang Zongxi knew that the hereditary system which had been extended for thousands of years was hard to break.Therefore,he proposed a hybrid succession mode,which was still "hereditary" in succession,but he adopted the "abdication"system in the inheritance of the prime minister,which ensured the stability of the regime and allowed the prime minister to carry on the checks and balances,so that the monarch could fulfill his duties.In the end,Huang Zongxi put forward the theory of "sovereign state separation" in the statement of "the world is dominated by the king",and said that it distinguishes between "king" and "state"."king" is not only the subject of "state",but is the object of the service of the public interest of the "state","the state" is fixed,"king"is a variable,and the purpose of flow change is to serve the public interest of the "state"better.Another major part of Huang Zongxi's political thought is the "law" thought,whose "law" is mainly interpreted from three aspects:the purpose of legislation,the scale of legislation and the status of "law" and puts forward the theory of "legislating for the common law" "wide open legislation" and "law" as "basic","man" as "the last".In view of that fact that Huang Zongxi 's philosophy of "law" and his private self-claim and the monarchy are in the same sense,he emphasized that the aim of the legislation is to safeguard the public interest of the group and not to the private interests of the monarch,to oppose the serious punishment method,breaking through the theory of "the people",the "law",which has been the representative of the people of the past thousand of years,place the "law" on the governance of governance and the status of the public interest of the community.After interpreting the three main aspects of the political ideology of huang zongxi,he studied the political system constructed by implementing his own political ideology.His system construction mainly includes three aspects:about"right","system" to "system" protect "the people","people" as the "system","and" for the "system".Specifically,he has constructed a new "prime minister" system to restrict the power of the monarch,to avoid the abuse of the monarchy,to construct a new"school" system,to give schools the power to participate in policy decisions,to restrict the executive power of the monarch and officials at all levels,and to supervise them,to avoid the abuse of administrative power or the behavior of malfeasance.To construct a new "square town" system,give local autonomy to restrict the centralization of power.In the protection of the rights of the public,allowing people to self-interest self-sufficiency,huang from innovation tax system,establishing the new system of"field",set up the military service system of "integration" of the people of the soldiers,reduce the tax burden of the public,allow people to better from a self-sufficient.Finally,we should see,huang constructed the system obviously is guided by the "people" as the principle of "this",the core system is "bachelor","and" is its political system was implemented,the key to implementation,while "and" and "people" can be realized through school education circulation and make all have the opportunity to "people" as"and".Although Huang's political thought and system construction is still stay on the level of the vision,but still has far-reaching practical significance today to us,there are some kind of aspects where we can be worth learning from.