Study On Ming Gong Shu Pan Qing Ming Ji About The Administration Of State And County Officials In Southern Song Dynasty

"The defeat of the country is also caused by official evil." Since ancient times,the governance of bureaucrats has been the focus of the ruler's governance of the country in each historical period.Whether the governance of the bureaucrats is good or not depends on whether the state mechanism can function properly.As a local official in the counties,direct contact with the people has the greatest impact on the people."County orders are the most exhausting,and if they are not talented and intelligent,they are difficult to perform."It can be said that the moral qualities and governance methods of state and county officials are the cornerstone of the country's political life.The governance of state and county officials reflects the policy direction of the ruling class at the time.This article is based on the study of "Ming Gong Shu Pan Qing Ming JI",analyses and summarizes cases concerning the administration of local officials in the Southern Song Dynasty.The book "Ming Gong Shu Pan Qing Ming JI" included nearly two hundred written judgments concerning state and county officials.The forms are varied.There are intergovernmental administrative documents,there are judgments concerning crimes committed by state and county officials,and there are also local regulations that are made illegally by bureaucrats.The ruling class's governance of state and county bureaucrats involves all aspects:The bureaucratic morality is out of order;Occupational crimes,such as corruption,bribery,abuse of power,incompetence,bullying;Civil disputes between officials and common people are within the scope of governance.Governance measures also show diversity:In terms of administration,it will formulate local administrative regulations,provide administrative guidance for the administrative acts of lower-level bureaucrats,and give administrative warnings against violating judges;In respect of rewards,there are rewards for my material and spiritual rewards,and protection of the bureaucratic descendants;In punishment,officials and the State and County Government's Employees treated differently.Officials were mostly removed from office,demoted,etc.the State and County Government's Employees were mostly based on physical punishments such as " Chi,Zhang,Tu,Liu,death penalty".Judging from the book judgments of state and county bureaucrats in the " Ming Gong Shu Pan Qing Ming JI",the Southern Song Dynasty's governance of state and county officials has the following features:Mainly prevention,supplemented by rewards and punishments;Humanity,ethics,and law combine with each other;Heavy penalties in the army;Encourage people to supervise;Due to different bureaucratic origins and different treatment.Although the analysis of the governance of bureaucrats in the Southern Song Dynasty was based on the case of " Ming Gong Shu Pan Qing Ming JI ",it is not sufficient to summarize the characteristics of the local government as a whole during the Southern Song Dynasty.However,it collected most of the famous judges of that time,such as Zhen Xishan,Cai Jiuxuan,Wu Yuyan,Hu Shibi,Liu Houcun,Fan Xitang,etc.These judges were deeply influenced by Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism and were highly representative.It can reflects the mainstream thinking of the officialdom at that time.Moreover,it examines the characteristics of governance of local bureaucrats in the Southern Song Dynasty from the perspective of examples.Compared with the laws and theories of the time,it can better highlight the key points.