On The Urban Community Governance Reform From The Perspective Of Settlement Of Residents' Autonomy Units

After the disintegration of the "unit system",the government began to explore the community construction in order to manage the urban grass roots society.In 2000,the government made clear that the community residents committee was a mass self-government organization and promoted urban community construction nationwide.After years of efforts,urban communities have developed rapidly and have played an important role in promoting residents' participation and building a harmonious society.However,with the development of the economy and the increase of social affairs,the community construction still faces some difficulties,such as the "administrative" and"marginalization" of the residents' committee,and the community autonomy is always difficult to fall to the ground.In order to solve the problem of community governance,various regions actively explore the effective forms of residents' autonomy,and the courtyard autonomy model of Chengdu has certain representativeness and research value.In 2012,Chengdu summarized the pilot experience,and promoted the autonomy of courtyard in the whole city.It sank the residents' autonomy units to the courtyard,built the "three carriages" of the courtyard,perfected the community autonomy mechanism,realized the return of government and community functions,and promoted the transformation and upgrading of urban construction.Therefore,taking the settlement of residents' autonomous units as the breakthrough point,the analysis of the courtyard autonomy and the successful experience in the reform of community governance in Chengdu is of great significance for solving the dilemma of community construction,ensuring the democratic rights of the residents,improving the interests of the residents,and maintaining the stability of the state and society.The research content of this paper consists of six modules:The first section is the introduction.It simply explains the background of the topic selection and the significance of studying the reform of community governance.The theoretical results of foreign community research are combed,and the status of urban community research in China is expounded from the aspects of community construction objectives,community participation,community governance problems and community governance innovation.The relevant concepts,theoretical tools,research ideas and research methods are explained,and the object of this paper,the way of data collection,innovation and inadequacies are introduced.The second part is the reason for the sinking of residents' autonomy units.The courtyard autonomy in Chengdu was first explored by the community in order to manage public affairs in its own jurisdiction.Afterwards,in order to improve the community residents' autonomy mechanism,solve the problems of insufficient participation of community residents,difficulty in guaranteeing working funds and low quality of staff,the government selected some communities to carry out the pilot of the courtyard autonomy,summarize the experience and promote it in the whole city.Later,the courtyard autonomy in Chengdu showed an advantage in the process of transformation of old city,and became an important way to promote transformation and upgrading of urban construction.The third part is the path of sinking of residents' autonomous units.The organizational structure,operation mechanism and financial management mode of the courtyard autonomy are analyzed based on the survey data.In order to fully explain the influence of courtyard autonomy on community governance system,it is divided into two modes according to the relationship between the community committee and the government undertaking agencies.Taking the use of special funds for public services and social management in urban communities in Chengdu as an example,the operation mechanism of community governance is explained in three stages in the early,middle and late stages.The fourth part is about the effectiveness,problems and causes of community governance after the sinking of residents' autonomous units.The autonomy of the courtyard is to reduce the burden to the community from the top to the bottom,let the community return to the property of autonomy,enhance the consciousness of the residents and the sense of responsibility,and make the community governance become more and more specialized.However,community governance still has some problems unsolved,showing that the independence of community residents' committees is not enough,the burden is still very heavy;the community participation in community autonomy is relatively simple;the autonomy of the courtyard is not enough.After analysis,it is believed that the reform of community governance is in the state of"crossing the river by feeling the stones," and the system is not perfect.It also involves multiple interests and the process will be relatively slow.At the same time,the inherent ideology and self-interest of community residents and the influx of migrants have brought resistance to the reform of community governance.The fifth part is policy recommendations.Aiming at the problems and reasons of community governance reform,this part puts forward the improvement countermeasures.First of all,we must constantly optimize the mode of courtyard autonomy in Chengdu and improve the community governance system.Second,we must cultivate the subjectivity of residents,increase social capital,and enhance the continuity of community governance.Finally,we must combine the characteristics of the times,create online and offline public space,and achieve effective integration of communities.The sixth part is the conclusion.It summarizes the research of this paper,and briefly expounds the author's understanding of the reform of urban community governance,the lack of research and the direction of future efforts.