Living Space Vulnerabilities Assessment Of Ecological-Migrants In Ningxia

The ecological migration project in Ningxia has had a history of more than 30 years since 1983.It has a large scale and a long period of time.It is highly influential both at domestic and abroad.Studying its vulnerability will not only help to build a sustainable living space for ecological migration,but also have important guiding significance to poverty alleviation in Ningxia even the northwestern ethnic areas,as well as to improve the quality of life,the follow-up development and social harmony and stability.From the perspective of the intersection of disciplines,this study takes the ecological immigrants of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as the research object and selects 29 indicators from the three levels(exposure,sensitivity,and adaptability)to construct an evaluation index system,which contain immigration quality,social security system,economic system,social system,ecosystem and migrant livelihood capital,to evaluate the vulnerability of ecological immigrants' living space in Ningxia.The fragility assessment integration model,entropy weight method,comprehensive index method and function model evaluation method were used to evaluate the vulnerability of ecological immigrants'living space in Ningxia from different scales.On this basis,factor analysis method was used to explore the main influencing factors of the ecological immigrant living space in the region,and then to proposing mitigation measures to slow down the vulnerability of ecological immigrants' living space.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From the time scale,the vulnerability of the ecological immigrants' living space in Ningxia has no relevance with time,and it is not consistent with the length of resettlement.The main manifestations of immigrants' vulnerability are:immigration across different periods>during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period Eco-immigrants in the central arid region>Ecological immigrants in the south-central region during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period>the“10th Five-Year Plan" period changes poverty alleviation and relocation migrants.(2)From the perspective of spatial pattern,the fragility of ecological immigrants in Ningxia spatially presents a geographical distribution of "central area is high,north,south and north area are low".The vulnerability of ecological immigrants in the central arid region is generally higher than that of northern Yellow River Irrigation District and Southern mountains area.The vulnerability of immigrants varies according to different resettlement methods.The resettlement vulnerability index of centralized land requisition for development,land placement and resettlement and land resettlement for labor resettlement are 0.1808,0.1699,0.1400 and 0.1010,respectively,of which the development land is under centralized resettlement.The immigrants are the most vulnerable,and resettling under labor resettlement have the least vulnerability.(3)The fragility of ecological migrations' living space in Ningxia is the result of a combined effects which come from the individual internal(include family factors)and the external environment.The internal factors that affecting the fragility of ecological immigrants' living space in Ningxia main show in the livelihood capital,such as human capital,financial capital,social capital and natural capital;the external environmental factors are mainly manifested in four aspects:economic development level,infrastructure,ecological environment,and social relations.(4)Based on the analysis of the vulnerability of the ecological immigrants' living space in Ningxia and the influencing factors,the author puts forward the mitigation measures for the vulnerability of the ecological immigrants' living space:the individual immigrants need to improve their own cultural level,take initiative to understand the immigration policy,and improve policy awareness;immigrant families need to strengthen the training of immigrant labor skills,improve employability,build immigration credit system,establish a financial assistance mechanism,improve the participation of immigrant communities and vigorously promote the adjustment of agricultural structure,change the mode of agricultural development;the government can improve the regional economic level,promote the sustainable development,scientific resettling immigrants,improve infrastructure,protect the ecological environment,develop a recycling economy,create a good social relationship,enhance the sense of community migrants and other measures to jointly reduce the vulnerability of ecological immigrants living in Ningxia and ecological immigration to make a contribution of sustainable development.