The Basic Education Research Of Shandong Anti-japanese Base Area

The school basic education in Shandong Anti-Japanese Base Area was developed based on the reforming of traditional education and the tough environment that people were striving for national liberation and fighting for winning the war.Before the Anti-Japanese base areas established,the development of education in Soviet area of Communist Party of China?CPC?had already built a rudiment and had popularized the new cultural educational policy which contains compulsory education and the combination of education.In terms of the education development environment in Shandong Anti-Japanese Base Area,in 1937,CPC committee of Shandong provincial started and led the People's Armed Uprising and Guerrilla war against Japan after the break through of comprehensive Anti-Japanese war.During the period of 1938-1939,Shandong branch of the CPC central committee had built some grassroots Anti-Japanese democratic regimes in Penglai,Huangxian Yexian and other areas in Jiaodong.At that time,the development of education in Shandong Anti-Japanese base area was in the preliminary stage and the policy of education is the same as the central government which is national defense educating.Meanwhile,a national defense education committee was set up in Jiaodong region of Shandong.In July 1940,a union conference of many fields in Shandong was held in Yinan,the Wartime Work Promotion Committee of Shandong was elected on 1^st August and it also decided to set up five groups to work in politics,military affairs,education,finance economy,and mobilization of the people.After that,the provincial educational administrative institutions were established.At that time,the school education is in the stage of consolidating and developing,while,it was growing so fast and became stronger and stronger gradually.With the publication of New Democracy,education in this period had been changed to New Democratic Education gradually which can be divided into two stages:the preliminary developing stage of from 1939 to 1940 and the great developing stage from 1942 to 1943.These two stages were guided by a series of policy support,such as strengthening organizational management,focusing on quality and becoming regular gradually,reducing the amounts of school,and paying more attentions to cultural groups.Finally,the education in Anti-Japanese base area had been developed strongly.In 1944,CPC had almost controlled Shan Dong province,at that time,education entered a period of consolidation and improvement.During that period,CPC doubted about the regular education,and proposed the general policy of educational reforming.There were not only the sound that require for combination of laboring and education,but also some Zhang Jian Hua style education which called“Home and Farm study”raised up.To concerntrate about the school education development in Shan Dong Anti-Japanese Base Area at a certain period,in terms of the specific policies,this paper analyzed the policy for teachers,education funds,teaching practice implementation and problem solving.According to the policy for teachers,the treatments for teachers were promoted several times.Teachers can be guaranteed of offering further study opportunities for whom had served for more than 3 years.To establish long-term training and issue teacher verification schemes to help improving the level of teachers ability so that protect the quality of education.In the aspect of education fund,the fund was mainly from the government budget,beside that,some of the found come from social donation,and some were from teachers and students production activity self-sufficiency.In terms of the management of education found,the management is mainly terms as ensuring the supply of education funds by ensuring the independence of education funds,the scoping of specificated use and planned amount.In terms of the detailed implementation of school education,according to the actual requirments of Anti-Japanese war,the athurioty set the education system to be“2-2-2”,which meat that lower primary school,middle primary school,and senior primary school.Accoridng to the principle that build schools in each village,“completed primary schoold”had been in each country,“base primary school”had been built in each village.The education oppurtiy had been increased among vast labors in the countryside and the eduation popularity rate had been improved due to the combination of school setting policy and sectional type education system.In terms of the situation that lack of teachers,lack of students and lack of found,to encourage CPC leadership member assisting the education affaris,encourage the extending students campaign,persuade people and compress the education system of centre primary school so that solve the problem.Through the analysis of the time and the analysis of the specific implementation,this paper made a general objective descrpition of the development of school basic education during whole period of the war in anti-Japanese base areas and summarized them up.As the basic education in the base areas was developing in war which was a special environment,the characteristics of running schools are particularly distinct.In terms of teaching content,it had not only the war characteristic,but also had more tendencies that teaching is combined with practicing and producing.In terms of teaching form,there were mobile classes,two-sided primary schools,and other special forms of running schools.As education was combined with the certain historical situation,studying in the fighting and fighting in studying became really distinct.Although there were some problems that reforming radically during the education developing process,lack of education found,lack of teachers and so on,CPC Party insisted on running schools in a hard environment,trained a large number of outstanding talents for the War of Resistance and the founding of the People's Republic of China,developed party organizations extensively while running schools,formed goodle anti-Japanese war groups among schools as units,and increased the enthusiasm of the masses in the War of Resistance Japanese through education and propaganda and other huge contributions.Meanwhile,it had made a foundation for the promotion of compulsory education in today's society and had provided valuable experience for the construction of rural education.Finally,through the studies that the education developments in base area made by CPC,more deeply understandings will be found and inspired.