Research On The Moral Education Thought Of Zhu Xi's Xiao Xue

The original intention of moral education is to cultivate people's moral foundation and moral wisdom,expand people's moral freedom so as to enrich their self-spiritual world when they conduct moral practice,and this is what the ancestors had always working hard for.As a great thinker in ancient China,Zhu Xi is also a famous educator in the history of Chinese education,he inherits and enriches the Confucian moral education tradition since Confucius and Mencius,develops the moral education thought of the philosophers of the Song Dynasties,and writes a large number of educational books.He forms his own moral education thought in his half-life school practice and influences the development of ancient Chinese education.Simultaneously,his moral education thoughts and his unique moral education system are also in line with the concept of modern moral education,it is worth exploring and discussing by later generations.As a children's education work,which reflects Zhu Xi's moral education thought,Xiao Xue plays an important role in the history of Chinese moral education.Zhu Xi attaches importance to the learner's age,thinking and physical and mental development level,so as to divide the education stage and adopt corresponding teaching materials and teaching methods.He believes that the ancient teachers have"study of children"and"the study of adults".On the other hand,Zhu Xi sees the coherence between primary school and adult education,"Children learns things,Elders learn the reason that why they learned in their childhood." He believes that if they will learn things well when people are in their childhood,they will figure it out when they grow older.Zhu Xi attaches great importance to the enlightenment education of people,and he considers it as the most basic educational practice for people,which could lay the foundation for people to become sages.The book not only contains the ancient classics,but also the words and deeds that can inspire the education of people,therefore,it not only plays the role of enlightenment,but also can be a self-cultivation book for people to study.This paper intends to explore the rich moral education thoughts contained in Xiao Xue,find the intrinsic connection between its ideological value and contemporary moral education,and strive to learn from history to provide reference value for contemporary moral education construction.This paper contains four parts:The first part:through the analysis of the writing background of Xiao Xue,the paper studies the source of moral education from the perspective of social environment and theoretical basis,and analyzes the economic,political and cultural conditions of the Southern Song Dynasty from the perspective of historical materialism.Moral education thought in Xiao Xue caters to the needs of the times.On the basis of the inheritance,absorption and transformation of the moral education theory of the Confucianism of the Qin Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty,Zhu Xi combines his personal educational experience to form his own unique moral education thought.The second part:On the basis of the relevant principles of moral education,the paper studies the dual moral education goal of the reality and ideal of Xiao Xue,and mainly explores the moral contents with establishing the education as its purpose,knowing the ethics as the outline,and respecting the body as the basis by combining the internal three parts of the book.The paper derives the moral education principle,including "equal emphasis on ethics and skill","teaching people in an orderly manner" and "pre-emptive".The paper also draws some moral methods,like model demonstrations,combination of lenient and strict education,emotional edification,and practical training.At last,the paper sums up the characteristics of the triple moral education thoughts contained in the book,it includes the organic unity of realistic requirements and ideal personality,personal cultivation and social responsibility,moral cultivation and practice.The third part:As a historical product,Xiao Xue is undoubtedly branded with the times,which has positive influence on ancient educational thoughts,including the contribution for the systematic division of ancient education stage,the supplementing to the children's education literature and the inheritance of the Confucian ethics;The book also has the consistent feudal thoughts of the traditional Confucian ethics,which needs to be identified and eliminated,such as man is superior to woman,king and minister's hierarchy thought and the historical limitations of some content.The fourth part:Combining the concept of contemporary moral education,drawing on the moral education value of Xiao Xue,adhering to the moral education goal of moral standardization,psychological development and ability formation;developing the moral education content of life cultivating,caring for others,growing the ability to govern the country and self-cultivation.Following the principles of moral education:comprehensive development,proceeding in an orderly way and prevention of micro-duration;improving the moral education methods of educating students with the words and deeds of models,inspiring students with the combination of lenient and strict,shaping students' morality with the environmental edification,and knowing and doing to be a perfect man.