Roles Of International Non-governmental Organization For Sustainable Development Of Nepal:A Critical Evaluation

INGOs are the non-state actors which work in the place where state has failed to consider or give priorities.It works and provides positive result in the areas where states are unable to reach and provide fruitful results.When state cannot help to provide welfare to its vulnerable citizen then it creates gap between state and the citizen,so INGOs helps in fulfilling the gap between vulnerable citizens and state.INGOs apply various approach while working,they follow top to bottom approach,bottom to top approach/ grass root approach to help in development.Different INGOs use different approach.Mostly the INGOs working in poverty reduction uses grass root approach and other INGOs working in formation of law and advocacy uses top to bottom approach.In top to bottom approach,first approach is done to the state and in grass root approach;first approach is done to the individual level.In the both way they tries to provide benefit to the societies and the country.INGOs projects and programmes are helping to create equal opportunity to all and are providing the fruit called development to taste to which everyone has equal rights and every country and their citizens' wants to taste.State plays the major role in the sustainable development.They can form the policy development to steer and sustainability innovation;they can work with the cooperation of the business house,society and public sector in order to obtain sustainability policy objectives and can form proper rules and regulations to facilitate the sustainable development of the country.By playing these roles state can achieve the sustainable development.It is very crucial for developing countries to find ways of managing demands and sustainable development by itself so they are not able to solve the problems,therefore the biggest contribution towards development will have to come from outside either from the developed countries through financial help or from the non-state actors like INGOs.They can help them to shape and show the process towards becoming the developed countries through sustainable development.INGOs can help communities working in collaboration with the government and local NGOs for the sustainable development.They can help the state in policy development,focus on the most relevant and difficult issues from a long term perspective define coherent and integrated strategies and formulate realistic goals.INGOs can also help state to align with other developed state and agencies and can help them to transfer technologies from the developed countries.INGOs can also help countries in the formulation of the various laws and advocate the people in better way.This study focuses on how the INGOs are helping the developing countries like Nepal in their sustainable development and how they plays significant roles.This study mainly focuses on the role that INGOs are playing in reconstruction of Nepal after earthquake 2015.This study also evaluates the work performed by GoN and INGOs in Nepal and how they are different from each other in their policy implementation.This research focuses to understand how a foreign civil society can influence not only the grassroots but also to shape the government policies from the initial level.This research is based on qualitative research and secondary data is used as primary source to support my hypothesis.In the context of Nepal as the development activities from government is very slow and the progress is slow so,INGOs are playing every role that state can play in helping vulnerable citizens.INGOs in Nepal are helping government in forming various policies and implementation.INGOs are helping to plan better and provide proper guidelines for the disaster management and implementing those guidelines in their work and motivating other sectors to follow the guidelines as well.They are using non-hierarchal decision making approach as well as grass root approach to make people self-employed and independent not only that INGOs in Nepal are using social capital theory where people of different communities are helping each other for their sustainable development in different ways.Nepal being one of the poorest countries with poverty of 21.6 % faced the devastating earthquake which pushed country more backward with lots of human,physical and capital damage.Different countries came to rescue and donated huge fund to the country but due to the absence of the local government in affected areas,lack of coordination among the authorized bodies,unstable political condition,corruption and lack of infrastructures created major hindrance in the recovery of the country and government badly failed to recover.But the role played by INGOs and their use of the resources has produced relief operations on a large scale.Their mobilization of financial,human and supply capacities enabled a large scale response.The roles of INGOs are vital and are indispensible parts,so government should include them in development task.One of the greatest criticism of INGO working in Nepal is that they provide funds and remain unengaged in the projects due to which,there fund are not utilized in the proper manner and the local NGOs that they connected are also not trust worthy especially working in rural areas.So,INGOs should be more engaged in the programs in which they are funding.INGOs in Nepal are more focused on the poverty reduction and community development.INGOs should also help the government by helping to build various infrastructures such as road,solar energies so that it helps in the balance development of the country.With the more influence of INGOs,states can become more dependent to non-state actors and it may sometime may work in the unfavorable side of the country.So developing countries should be capable enough to take major decisions and make policies towards sustainable development.Aids and foreign grants are of course the major help for the developing countries but they should not rely only on such aids for their development activities.