Study On The Difference Of Multidimensional Well-being Between Urban And Rural Residents In China Based On The Capability Approach

At present,the imbalanced development between urban and rural areas is prominent in China.Coordinating urban and rural development is an important measure to promote regional coordinated development.It's necessary to realize a Well-off Society in urban and rural areas simultaneously,and the strategy of Rural Revitalization has become an important grasp to solve the main social contradictions in the new era.Measuring the imbalance between urban and rural areas has always been a hot topic in academic circles.Realizing the well-being balance is a new perspective of coordinating urban and rural development.Therefore,after combing the literature about well-being,based on Amartya Sen's capability theory,by the aid of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and CGSS micro-survey data,this paper builds a multidimensional well-being index system and evaluation model for urban and rural residents,measures Chinese urban residents and rural residents' multidimensional well-being level and it's evolution respectively.Further,this paper uses single factor t-test,Gini Coefficient,Theil Index and the multivariate regression analysis to explores the multidimensional well-being difference between Chinese urban and rural residents and its influencing factors.The study finds that:(1)From 2005 to 2015,the comprehensive well-being level of urban and rural residents in China have been significantly improved.Among them,urban residents' well-being have entered the middle-level from the upper-middle level,and rural residents are moving from the lower-middle level to middle-level;(2)Specifically to the subdivision dimension,From 2005 to 2015,the well-being of urban residents in the health status,work and education,social security,self-awareness dimension always stay at the upper-middle level,the material condition generally stays at the middle level,the leisure stays at the low level in the early stage,Later,it gets a rapidly improvement;The well-being of rural residents in the health status and self-awareness dimension are always in the upper-middle level,material conditions,work and education are generally in the middle level,social security and leisure dimensions' well-being level are very low in the early stage,butthen growth rapidly to the lower-middle level;(3)There are significant differences in well-being level between urban and rural residents.From 2005 to 2015,urban residents' well-being level were significantly higher than rural residents in terms of material conditions,work and education,leisure and social security dimension.The gap of multidimensional well-being between urban and rural residents was firstly widened and then narrowed;(4)The gender difference of urban residents' multidimensional well-being level is gradually narrowing,while as for rural residents,this difference is obvious;The urban residents' multidimensional well-being level shows an inverted U-shaped trend with the increase of age,but the rural residents' multidimensional well-being level decline with the age.Individual competence has a significant positive impact on urban and rural residents' well-being.Accordingly,this text considers that reducing the gap of development between urban and rural areas in China should start from the following aspects :(1)Promoting the more free flow of population;(2)Integrating the rights and interests of urban and rural residents in terms of social security and education so as to enable urban and rural residents to enjoy equal rights and interests;(3)Building a learning and skills training platform for urban and rural residents,and providing corresponding Learning opportunities and channels to enhance the urban and rural residents' ability;(4)Promoting the development of urban and rural public services contrapuntally;(5)Improving the inter-governmental transfer payment mechanism system and the level of basic public services in rural areas.