| China's rural minimum living security system was established in 2007 and has been implemented for 12 years.As the last safety net to guarantee the basic survival rights of the rural poor,it plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the basic living standards of very lowincome farmers and maintaining the harmony and stability of rural areas.However,in the process of implementing the policy,there are still many problems and contradictions,the most prominent of which are “assist object error” and “assist object missing”.In this paper,case study method is used to select Z village in Shanxi Province,a kind of poverty-stricken village in the state-level poverty-stricken county,to carry out field visits and research.Through the study of literature,on-site observation and in-depth interviews and other specific ways,the problems and causes of this typical sample in the process of aiming at lowcost insurance are analyzed,and countermeasures are put forward.The full text is divided into five parts.The first part clarifies the research background and significance of the low-income insurance object targeting,combs the domestic and foreign scholars' research on the low-income insurance object targeting and makes a research review,defines several key words used in the paper,defines the research perspective,research methods,research framework and innovations.The second part introduces the general situation of Z village's economic and social development,combs the relevant provisions of the three-level government of Shanxi Province on the policy,guarantee standards,declaration process,and describes the current situation of Z village's object targeting from the two aspects of targeting methods and indicators distribution.The third part introduces in detail the specific problems that appear in the targeting work of the object of minimum living allowance in Z village: such as "fit the appetite to the dishes",restricting the target selection;combining or dividing households,to find a way to cope with the government policies;getting minimum living security through a relationship or favor remains incessant;"getting minimum living security by democratic vote" leads to assist object missing;the alienation of minimum living allowance into power resources and becomes a tool of rural management;difficult to withdraw from the rural minimum living security system.In the fourth part,we use Smith's policy implementation process model to analyze the root of the low-income insurance object targeting.Firstly,there are defects in the policy itself: the criteria for assessing the objects of the minimum living security system are not practical,"getting minimum living security by democratic vote" has logical defects,and the "identification of the minimum living security" leads to the difficulty of withdrawal.Secondly,The subject of policy implementation is driven by interests: village cadres have misunderstandings about the policy of minimum living allowance,village cadres face role conflicts,lack of supervision of grass-roots autonomy.Thirdly,the self-interest orientation of the policy target group: Villagers have a blind spot in their cognition of subsistence allowance.Influenced by cultural lag,they regard subsistence allowance as a big pot of food.Traditional social security is weakened and modern social security is insufficient.Finally,the environmental impact of policy implementation: the differential pattern in the aim of minimum living security,and the involution of rural governance in the post-tax-fee era.The fifth part puts forward operable suggestions: combining proxy household survey with democratic evaluation;Equipped with professional low cost insurance object audit personnel;The use of publicity channels to play the role of supervision by public opinion;Punishment and reward are used together to form restraint and incentive mechanism;improving social insurance system,enhancing farmers' ability to resist risks;link up the system of subsistence allowances with the policy of poverty alleviation and development. |
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