| Under the background that the construction of the socialism with Chinese characteristics has crossed the threshold into a new era and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,it is very important to solve the problem of poverty and meet the basic needs of life in our country.The minimum living guarantee system is the most important and basic guarantee in social assistance system,its effect in alleviating poverty and guaranteeing the right to subsistence is beyond doubt.However,the number and coverage rate of urban subsistence allowances have not expanded with the increase of the standard of subsistence allowances,the increase of government financial investment and the expansion of social policies.Therefore,this paper focuses on the analysis of the development characteristics of the urban subsistence allowances in time,groups and regions.The study found that: from the view of time,China's urban subsistence allowances system showed the characteristics of " increase first and then decrease earlier",the number of new additions in 2014-2016 is about half of the number of exits;from the view of the group,China's urban subsistence allowances are mainly targeted at the unemployed,the poverty problem of flexible employment is also serious,the number of disabled people and “three non-personnel” members are not the main,in addition,the decline in the number of employees is the most obvious;Looked from the area,the coverage rate of urban subsistence allowances in the east is far lower than that in the central,northeastern and western regions.At the same time,in order to investigate the influencing factors of the coverage rate of urban minimum living allowance,based on the panel data of 31 provinces(municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions)in mainland China from 2004 to 2014,this paper uses the fixed effect model to make regression analysis from the four dimensions of economic development,policy system,government management and poverty risk,then drew the following conclusions:(1)The impact of economic factors on the coverage rate of urban subsistence allowances is not a decisive factor,it just showing a periodic features;(2)The basic retirement security for workers has an inhibitory effect on the coverage rate of urban subsistence allowances,which gradually weakens with the development of the economy;(3)The development of basic medical insurance has a positive effect on the coverage rate of urban subsistence allowances;(4)The intensity of anti-corruption has a significant negative effect on the coverage of subsistence allowances;(5)Under the framework of central,provincial and municipal financial arrangements and territorial management,the inclination of central finance and the increase of financial autonomy of local governments are negatively correlated with the coverage of subsistence allowances.To this end,this paper presents some suggestions:(1)Strengthen the identification and control of social risks,properly improve the coverage of urban subsistence allowances;(2)Focus on the vulnerable groups(children,the elderly)who do not have the ability to work,and those who employed in the informal sector;(3)Establishing a database of basic information for the subsistence allowances,to respond to the coverage of the urban subsistence allowances system from the technical design,and to provide data reference for scientific determination of minimum living security target groups in our country;(4)Optimizing the allocation of financial responsibilities between the central and local governments,to create a stable institutional environment for the full coverage of the urban subsistence allowances system;(5)Establish a reasonable withdrawal mechanism for subsistence security system and standardize the exit procedure in dynamic management;(6)Strengthen the “development-oriented” rescue concept and helping the recipients to live an independent and dignified life. |
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