Research On "Welfare Dependence" In China's Rural Minimum Living Security System

Poverty is a worldwide problem and has always been the focus of attention of all sectors of society.China is a large agricultural country,and the problem of rural poverty is a major and difficult one.The urban minimum living security system was piloted in Shanghai in 1993 and formally established nationwide in 1999,while the rural minimum living security system was formally established in 2007.With the development of the system,the minimum living security system has become the main system of social assistance.More and more people have benefited from this system,but at the same time it has produced unexpected effects.A survey conducted by the Workers' Daily in 2006 found that the minimum living security system had the phenomenon of "nurturing lazy bones",that is,some applicants for minimum living security preferred to eat minimum living security and did not want to get employment,and even resorted to deception to obtain minimum living security.Since then,the issue of "nurturing lazy bones" in the minimum living security system has been reported in newspapers,which has triggered academic discussions on whether China's social assistance system has generated "welfare dependence".Some Chinese scholars have defined "welfare dependency" as the fact that the low-income earners who have the ability to work mainly rely on low-income payments,but have no awareness and behavior of looking for jobs.Looking at the studies on welfare dependence abroad,it is mainly negative effects.However,the causes of "welfare dependence" in China's rural minimum living security system studied in this paper are different from those in western countries,so it is not equivalent to the welfare dependence abroad.This paper describes "welfare dependence" as an objective phenomenon.This paper holds that moderate dependence has certain positive effects on social development,and excessive dependence will affect the fairness and efficiency of the rural minimum living security system to a certain extent,resulting in excessive consumption of relief resources,causing dissatisfaction of other poor groups,and then producing a series of adverse effects.Therefore,the purpose of this article is to put forward corresponding countermeasures through the study of "welfare dependence".The thesis is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction,which introduces the background and significance of this topic.The background of this topic is to study the dependence problem in social assistance caused by institutional and non-institutional factors under the general pattern of increasingly perfect minimum living security system and precise poverty alleviation.Secondly,the research status of "welfare dependence" at home and abroad is combed.Finally,the main research methods and contents are introduced.The second chapter defines the concept and theoretical basis,first of all,the definition of related concepts.Rural minimum living security,welfare dependence and capacity building are the key words that this article focuses on.Secondly,the theoretical basis is the theoretical support of the article.The theoretical basis of this article is Rawls' theory of fairness and justice,Amartya Sen's theory of capability poverty and Sheridan's theory of asset construction.Due to the differences in natural and social factors,leading to the differences in initial distribution,the poor are in a vulnerable position in society.For this part of the population,the government is needed to help.Through the exposition of three major theories,the necessity and rationality of government intervention are analyzed.The third chapter is an overview of the rural minimum living security system.Firstly,it reviews the development of the rural minimum living security system and elaborates the formation of "welfare dependence".Secondly,aiming at the phenomenon of "welfare dependence" existing in the rural minimum living security system in our country,the causes of "welfare dependence" are analyzed from the aspects of "welfare superposition effect","cliff effect",imperfect entry-exit mechanism,lack of rural risk protection and smallholder ideology.The fourth chapter combines data analysis with investigation and analysis.In data analysis,CFPS 2014(China Family Panel Studies 2014)is selected for empirical analysis.This part focuses on whether the rural minimum living security system has a "welfare dependency" effect.The main problem of the analysis is the changes in the behavior of the recipients of subsistence allowances towards unemployment,employment and re-employment after unemployment under the condition of "welfare provision".According to the results of on-the-spot investigation and interview,a case study is conducted on the phenomenon of"welfare dependence" existing in the rural minimum living security system.The fifth chapter,conclusions and suggestions,mainly from the aspects of perfecting the design of the minimum living security system,strengthening the capacity building and asset building of the minimum living security target,etc.,puts forward corresponding suggestions to prevent the "welfare dependence" problem in the rural minimum living security system from further expanding.