A Study Of "Human Nature" In Marx's Outline Of Feuerbach

In the history of human thought,philosophers have never stopped thinking and exploring human problems.Philosophers before Feuerbach gave all kinds of answers.Although they have their own reasons,they are all "abstract people" in the end.Feuerbach's idea of human nature is a major breakthrough in the theoretical study of this issue.By criticizing Hegel's philosophy,he restored the authority of materialism,returned the essence of human to human itself,and directed the vision of philosophy to human's perceptual world.Feuerbach thought about human nature from the natural science and biology at that time,put forward the idea of"class",and thought that the reason why human and animals are different is the consciousness of "class".At the same time,in the field of religion,Feuerbach believes that God is the result of the alienation of human nature.He should stand on the position of human beings to treat religion and restore religion to human beings.He also pointed out that the reason for the emergence of religion is that people have a sense of dependence,and the establishment of a religion of love is the way to sublate the essence of alienated people.Feuerbach's theoretical achievements and works,especially the interpretation of human nature,have become an important source of Marxist philosophy and have an important impact on the establishment of Marxist philosophy system.In the outline of Feuerbach(hereinafter referred to as the outline),Marx,from the perspective of practice,based on the reality of people,discusses the nature of human beings and the relationship between people,and explains the nature of human beings scientifically,so as to realize the change of human nature thought,which is of epoch-making significance.This theoretical achievement occupies in the history of Marxist philosophy Importance.In Outline,we can see that the fundamental reason why Marx transcended Feuerbach is that he formed his own concept of practice,which is a generally accepted view in academia,but why can it make Marx surpass Feuerbach?Scholars generally believe that the first sentence of Article 1 of the Outline:"The main shortcoming of all previous materialism(including Feuerbach's materialism)is that it did not regard the object as the activities of perceptual people,understood as practice,not from the subjective aspect."However,this understanding is far from summarizing Marx's criticism of Feuerbach in the Outline,and the academic circles have been disputing the understanding of this sentence.Therefore,it is necessary to start from the text of the "Outline" and sort out the relevant contents of the"Outline" concerning the criticism of Feuerbach,to find the theoretical support of Marx's criticism of Feuerbach,and then to analyze how Marx transcended Feuerbach.In the introduction,taking outline as the starting point,this paper introduces the relevant contents of Marx's criticism of Feuerbach in outline,in order to deepen the understanding of Marx's research on human nature based on the text of outline.In the second chapter,I sort out Feuerbach's humanistic criticism of Theology and Hegel's idealistic philosophical criticism of absolute spirit,reinterpret Feuerbach's view of human nature,and then analyze Feuerbach's theoretical contribution to human nature.The third and fourth chapters are the focus of this paper,aiming at Marx's criticism of Feuerbach's thought of human nature in the outline to find the theoretical basis,and specifically analyze Marx's criticism and Transcendence of Feuerbach.Marx's research on the essence of human in the outline has cleared the way for the birth of materialistic historical view.In practical sense,Marx's research on human nature is conducive to guiding and helping mankind out of the development dilemma.