A Study On The Civil Service System And Political Governance In The Han Dynasty

As the unified dynasty of the Han Dynasty,to maintain the stability of the imperial power and the effective governance of the society,it was necessary to establish an effective civil system.The civil service system involves four core aspects: one is the establishment of official positions from the central government to the local government;the second is a selection system capable of continuously transmitting qualified personnel;the third is the merit system for the selected personnel's competence;the fourth is the supervision of officials Investigation system.The selection system injects talents into the entire civil service system is the key to activating the system.On the basis of the succession of the official selection system before the Han Dynasty,the Han government formed a method of taking official positions,mainly based on Chaju and Zhengbi,supplemented by Examination and Renzi and Nazi.The Chaju system is a way of recommending officials,and it was the most important way to select officials in the Han Dynasty.Xiaolian and Maocai were regular subjects of the Chaju system.Each year,a fixed number of qualified personnel were sent to the central government.Irregular subjects of Chaju system as a supplement,selected talents from time to time according to needs;Zhengbi includes the recruitment of the emperor and the recruitment of the Zhou Jun's government.It is a system of selecting officials that is used frequently in addition to Chaju system;examinations are divided into Shece and Duice,Shece are mainly targeted at Tai students,and Duice are mainly directed at talents recommended by Xianliang Teke;Renzi and Nazi are special selection methods for the aristocrat and the richer.The selection system of the Han dynasties broke the tradition of hereditary official positions,giving ordinary people the opportunity to change their identity and status.The merit system can determine whether the selected official is competent through the examination of the official performance of the official.In addition,the assessment result is an important basis for the promotion and fall of the official.The merit system of the Han Dynasty is called Kaoke.From the vertical perspective,which is divided into the central government merits the prefectures and the prefectures merits counties.The merit methods are divided into counties upper project prefectures and prefectures upper project the central government.In addition,there are three forms of upper project,which are regular merit held every year,major meritconducted every three years,and merit will be held for analysis and review.The merit system focuses on the household registration population,taxation,jail punishment,agricultural development,and the border counties will also inspect the border situation;From the perspective of horizontal,the subordinate officials are merited by their superiors,mainly focused the ability to perform duties.In addition,the Han dynasty established a talent reserve system based on Langguan,which screened the talents selected by subjects such as Xiaolian and Mingjing for a second time,and then recommended outstanding talents for higher official positions.Langguan was the hinge in the rising chain of officials from entering the official service in primary elections to being promoted again.The selection and merit system of the Han Dynasty constituted a complete system of government officials from entering the government to the promotion or demotion.This system has selected a large number of excellent officials for the Han governments,the representative of which is fine official.The appearance of fine official is based on the effective operation of the selection and merit system.It is an official who has been selected from among many outstanding official groups and has the image characteristic of "acting in accordance with the duties of the public and acting in accordance with the principles." In terms of specific performance,each fine official of this period have a unique way of governing,but the same is that they are good at teaching people,have outstanding achievements,and often get the first place in the merit.The group of fine official recorded in the history books of the Han dynasty is only 18 people,but this does not mean that there are only 18 fine officials of the history of the Han dynasty.Judging from the analysis of their administrative deeds,the records of the fine officials in the history books are the result of choosing the best.Through the analysis of the career and achievements of the fine officials,it can reflect the operating mechanism of the official selection and merit system in the Han dynast,which further illustrates the establishment of an effective official selection and merit system in the Han Dynasty.During the period,it played a positive role in selecting and cultivating a large number of excellent officials.These officials supported the normal operation of the Han governments and ensured the stability of the society.The existence of this system was necessary for the government's rule and the development of the society.