On The Problems And Improvement Of Community Correction

The concept of community correction originated in Western Europe and Britain,but it was widely used in the United States at first.As early as in the 19th century,the United States built a community-based correction system,which is the first in the world In 1845,the Quakers set up the first boarding house for prisoners in New York,and in 1846,an adaptive social training center for women was set up in Boston.Since then,similar boarding correction has been established in many major cities in the United States,such as Philadelphia,Chicago,San Francisco and New Orleans.There is another way to realize the community correction system,which is probation.Probation first started in the United States,originally applied to the probation of alcoholics on bail.Parole,as a formal legal execution system,was put into effect in 1876 by the Elmira correctional institution in New York state.The first prison chief of the institution,buzelun brockwei,formulated the management rules and regulations of the institution,and used the integral rule to allow prisoners to earn "points" to obtain parole qualification.Since then,other states have also learned to implement parole system,parole legislation soon blossomed in the United StatesThe real development of community correction is stronger than that from the late 1960s to the early 1970s.Multiple factors contributed to the origin of community correction and won public support.First of all,the adverse effects of imprisonment are increasingly significant,and taxpayers are disappointed and dissatisfied with the high cost and high rate of recidivism;secondly,the American correction system has introduced the guiding concept of re integration(correction program and community),encouraging multiple social groups to help prisoners to return to society and adapt to society;thirdly,the social unrest at that time.The chaos caused by the Vietnam War,the riots of college students,urban riots and so on.The unique and turbulent social background makes citizens no longer agree with the past social governance ideas of punishing and reforming criminals by means of imprisonment.People widely distrust traditional values and government authorities,which is the opportunity for people to explore new solutions.In addition,thanks to the general consensus of the development of the mitigation of punishment,the recognition and implementation of non custodial punishment and community correction by the United Nations,community correction is rapidly implemented in other countries except the United States.Community correction system has been widely used in western countries because it can effectively reduce the secondary crime rate of prisoners.In the past 20 years,the concept of community correction work in western countries has changed dramatically.They have made explorations and breakthroughs in the fields of system practice and theoretical analysis,and their community correction work and system have become increasingly perfect and mature.In China,community correction began to pilot in 2003.After more than ten years of development,it has achieved good legal results.However,the community correction work in China is still in the primary stage,with the theory and practice divorced,and various problems are prominent,such as the status of community correction workers in practice is far away,whether community correction workers should be given certain compulsory power and community correction workers In practice,there is a serious lack of necessary deterrence.In terms of system,whether the identification and appellation of community correction objects are in line with the reality of current community correction work,whether the provisions on the implementation of household registration and residence are not clear,whether it is still not clear that the judicial administrative organs should supervise and control the community prisoners who have committed crimes again or who have been granted a guarantor pending trial in accordance with the law after discovering the omissions,The implementation measures of community correction and the implementation provisions of temporary out of prison conflict with each other in the implementation process of the decision of temporary out of prison executors,and so on.It is an important task for the current community correction work to study the problems found in the pilot and gradually explore and improve the community correction system suitable for China's national conditions.This research is based on the theory of humanity,modesty,socialization,efficiency and regression,restorative justice theory,governance modernization theory and other aspects of the theoretical basis of community correction,and on this basis,taking the practice of community correction work in t County as the research object,this paper analyzes the current situation of community correction work in t County,analyzes the measures taken in community correction work in t County,points out the existing problems in community correction work,and To explore the causes of the problem,and give specific suggestions and measures to improve the community correction system.Through this research,we try to provide some reference value for the governance reform of community correction.