| Pro-Proo Tourism(PPT)is a new force to achieve the key goal of poverty alleviation in China.By 2019,more than 30% of the country's poor people have been lifted out of poverty by relying on tourism.Among them,millions of people have been relocated to tourism communities.However,due to the relocation of poverty alleviation migrants from their permanent residences to a new community,Changes in living condition lead to fundamental changes in livelihood capital,livelihood strategies,etc,Although poverty alleviation has been achieved temporarily,it is still uncertain whether they can steadily get rid of poverty and never return to poverty,and achieve sustainable livelihood.After the goal of poverty alleviation is achieved in 2020,the sustainable livelihood of the people out of poverty will become the focus of attention.Based on the analysis framework of sustainable livelihood,stakeholder theory and community participation in tourism development theory,this study designed the livelihood assessment system and quantitative evaluation model of poverty-stricken immigrants in tourism communities and evaluated the corresponding sustainable livelihood ability by literature review,sustainable analysis framework of DFID and field research.The following results are found.(1)To study the livelihood condition of the poverty-stricken immigrants in the tourism community.The appropriate livelihood capital,livelihood strategy and livelihood outcome evaluation index are selected,the analysis framework of sustainable livelihood of the poverty-stricken immigrants in tourism communities are designed,and the quantitative evaluation model of comprehensive index are established.(2)The poverty alleviation immigrants who move into the tourism community make full use of the resources and environmental conditions of the tourism community to realize livelihood reconstruction and improve the livelihood strategies and results.First of all,the livelihood capital of poverty-stricken immigrants has been improved,and its comprehensive index has increased from 1.4759 to 2.5721 after relocation,with an increase of 1.0962.Apart from natural capital,the other four capitals have increased significantly.However,there is still a gap between the amount of livelihood capital owned by immigrants and the ideal livelihood capital model.It is necessary to further improve the structure of their livelihood capital and improve the overall level.Secondly,the livelihood strategies of the poverty-strickenimmigrants who move into the tourism community tend to be diversified.They shift their occupation from the traditional agricultural field to the non-agricultural field,and the labor forces gradually flow to the second and third industries.At last,the results of poverty alleviation of immigrants in the tourism community are worth affirming.The per capita annual income and per capita consumption of immigrants have significantly improved.96.3%of the poverty alleviation immigrants have been lifted out of poverty by relying on the tourism community,and more than 60% of them are on the way to becoming rich.(3)From the perspective of the current livelihood situation of poverty-stricken immigrants who move into tourism communities,there are still some problems in their sustainable livelihood,such as limited natural capital conditions,weak man-power capital,insufficient material capital elements,insufficient financial capital stock,lack of social capital,poor occupational stability,unsatisfactory income,and poor sustainability of their livehood strategies.The main reasons for these problems are the lack of industrial support in the resettlement area,the defects of governmental employment security measures,the serious impact of tourism industry,the limited choice of livelihood strategies,the shackles of the original concepts and ways of making a living,the lack of self-development awareness of immigrants,and the inaccessibility of information.(4)In view of the problems existing in the poverty alleviation livelihood of the immigrated tourism communities,we should fully rely on the local tourism industry to reconstruct the path of the sustainable livelihood of the immigrants from the following aspects.Improve the land use value,protect the ecological environment of the resettlement community to improve the natural capital conditions;increase the government's material assistance,improve the public facilities of the resettlement community to accumulate the total amount of material capitals;enhance the physical fitness and cultural literacy,strengthen labor skills training to improve the quality of man-power capital;increase the stability of income,improve the financing environment to increase the financial capital Stock;improve social communication ability,optimize social network to maintain social capital;support the development of tourism industry,offer more jobs,and formulate safeguard measures to ensure the diversity of livelihood strategies and stability of livelihood. |
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