Estimation On Rural Livelihood Capital And Poverty Alleviation Efficiency Of Ecologial Migration Policy In Southern Shaanxi

Since the last century, migration phenomenon caused by environmental problems has attracted widespread concern of scholars both at home and abroad. When a regional environmental problems threaten the livelihood of the local population security, there will be a large population emigrating from their original residence. Environmental problems in our country gradually get highlights in the late last century. In order to effectively solve environmental protection and regional development problems in environmentally fragile areas, governments at all levels implemented a series of ecological migration project in multiple areas. Shaanxi provincial government adopted the relocation and settlement master plan in Southern Shaanxi in December 2010, in which the government plans to move 2.4 million people out from the poor environmental and poor life area.This paper, based on the former background, chooses ecological immigration policy in southern Shaanxi as research object, and tentatively introduces economic meaning into the ecological migration definition. Moreover, in view of the farmers’ livelihood capital movements and poverty alleviation efficiency, this paper does an empirical study, which aim to deepen the current research level. This structure of this paper is as following: the first chapter introduces the background of ecological immigration, summarizes the current research finds in this field and proposes the theoretical framework of this paper. The second chapter is the deepening of the connotation of ecological migration and the theoretical basis, in which economic theories are drawn into the discussion on the essence of ecological immigration and theoretical foundation is proposed. The third chapter about the general implementation situation of ecological migration in southern Shaanxi and the descriptive statistical analysis of rural household’ livelihood capital. The fourth chapter is about the estimating on poverty targeting efficiency based on the level of livelihood capital level. The last chapter is conclusion.The main conclusions are as followings:(1)The purpose of introducing the notion of “ration” is to point out that the human is different from other creatures and they can make their rational decisions before they act in a long term. The definite reason of over using of natural resources and serious pollution is that only in the situation of legible equity arrangement, the function of ration can be fully developed. However, we must confess the truth that there are hardly any definite equity arrangement in the past several centuries, which lead to the rent dissipation of most natural resources. The results of short-term economic behavior by human is the unreasonably using of natural resources. When natural resources and the environment can no longer sustain the local population, the mass migration would appear.(2)Moreover, this paper chooses the implementation of ecological migration policies in southern part of Shaanxi Province as example and aims to evaluate its performance in both sides: environmental protection and poverty alleviation. As an index of multi-dimension, livelihood capital could be used to check the overall fortune level of one household. Through the comparison of livelihood capital between participants and non-participants, we conclude that the households with higher livelihood capital are more easily to be chosen into the scope of policy by the government. Moreover, when we look into the aspect of natural capital, the non-participants possess more natural capital than the participants, which indicates that the ecological factors are not the dominant reason when the government making the list of participants. As to the poverty alleviation, the participants possess higher capacity in the aspects of material capital and financing capital, which also indicate the poverty alleviation is not also effectively taken into consideration. As a policy aiming to promote the ecological and economic level, the ecological migration policy implementing in the southern part of Shaanxi Province are faced with the low efficiency in choosing its objects. The government need to check their measures when choosing households and guarantee the realization of the dual purpose of ecology and poverty alleviation.