The Adjustment And Improvement Of China's Rural Reform Policy Since The Reform And Opening Up

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee passed the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Issues concerning Accelerating Agricultural Development(Draft)".In describing the current situation in China's rural areas at that time,the decision used three "very" characters: "the level of rural productivity is very low","the livelihood of farmers is very bitter" and "the ability to expand reproduction is very weak".this situation has been greatly improved today,but the problems faced by the development of agriculture and rural areas and the improvement of rural people's livelihood are still very serious.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the CPC Central Committee has put forward a series of new policies and strategies to promote the development of agricultural and rural farmers based on the new changes in the external environment and the new features of the "three rural" issues.In the new era of China's reform and opening up,promoting new urbanization,the overall revitalization of villages and the integration of urban and rural areas have become the historical mission of the whole party and the whole nation.Reviewing the development process of China's rural reform and grasping the adjustment and improvement of the agricultural and rural reform policies are helpful to sum up successful experiences,draw lessons from mistakes and further accelerate the modernization process of agricultural and rural areas.From 1978 to the present,China's rural reform has lasted for more than 40 years.The CPC has taken over the overall situation and made overall plans.In the policy adjustment based on "people's livelihood demands" and "problem-oriented",China's agricultural and rural areas have gone through the economic system reform of the household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output to the comprehensive reform gradually deepened to politics,culture and society.Since the18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Communist Party of China has adhered to and developed the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of Marxist theory.Faced with the complex situationin the countryside,it has accelerated the resolution of the contradiction between the growing need for a better life for the vast number of peasants and the unbalanced and inadequate development,and has made timely adjustments and improvements in its reform policies.Through searching,sorting out,summarizing and analyzing the important documents of the CPC Central Committee,especially the No.1 Document of the CPC Central Committee over the years,the article takes the adjustment and improvement of the key policies of the CPC rural reform as the main line,and summarizes the direction and focus of the adjustment and improvement of the rural reform policies.The main body of this article has four parts.The first part analyzes and expounds the theoretical basis and practical basis of the rural reform policy.The practical basis includes the empirical basis and the realistic basis.China's rural reform is based on the theory of Marxism and the Communist Party of China to solve the "three rural" problems,and the practical basis of the reform is China's national conditions and rural status quo,providing reference for the adjustment and improvement of China's rural reform policy.The second part is the retrospect of the evolution of China's rural reform policy before the 18 th CPC National Congress,which mainly involves the main contents and changes of the rural reform policy during the period from 1978 to 2012.It is divided into four stages: from 1978 to 1983,farmers' autonomy was strengthened with the implementation of the responsibility system as the focus.From 1984 to 1991,we focused on adjusting the structure of agricultural industry and explored the rural market.From 1992 to 2002,focusing on the development of township enterprises,the construction of a socialist market economic system in rural areas;From 2003 to 2012,we will focus on strengthening public services and build a new socialist countryside.The achievements of the 30-year reform are obvious to all and can be roughly divided into two aspects: first,the development of agricultural production,the increase of farmers' income and the obvious improvement of their lives;The second is the change of ideology,which has made remarkable achievements in promoting the innovation of system and mechanism.However,we must pay attention to the fact that the dualstructure of urban and rural areas is still the main barrier that restricts the development of rural agriculture and the overall improvement of farmers' lives.External factors are the conditions for things to change,while internal factors are the basis for things to change.The policy guarantee and practice exploration implemented by the state are the external conditions for solving the "three rural" problems.How to give full play to the fundamental role of internal factors and make a qualitative change in the agricultural and rural reform,we still need to further explore solutions.The third part studies the adjustment and improvement of China's rural reform policy since the 18 th CPC National Congress and the overall planning of the basic status quo of rural areas across the country.According to the dialectical thought that "external factors are the conditions for change and internal factors are the basis for change",starting from the root of activating the endogenous power of rural development,the strategy of rural revitalization is actively implemented.The agricultural and rural reform in the new era includes the main contents,causes,implementation conditions and implementation paths focusing on activating the endogenous power of rural development.Farmers are most concerned about the problem of land.Collective ownership of rural land is the basic system in our country's rural areas.The most fundamental thing to protect the interests and rights of farmers is to adhere to the "separation of three rights" and fully tap the benefits of land use.This is also one of the most basic conditions to activate and promote the endogenous power of rural development.Adhering to this rule means adhering to the socialist nature of our country's rural economy and social system.It can activate the endogenous power of rural development from a deep level and maintain the overall stability of the countryside and even the whole society during the continuous deepening of reform.The fourth part is a summary of the experience of China's rural reform since the18 th CPC National Congress and an analysis of the evolution trend of the "three rural" policies,highlighting the adjustment and improvement of China's rural reform policies in the new era around improving people's livelihood and realizing common prosperity.