The Policy Adjustment Of Rural Left-behind Families' Separation Problem Governance

The families of the left-behind groups are in a discrete state,which is a major problem in China's rural areas.Statistics released by the National Bureau of Statistics show that from 2008 to 2014,the proportion of migrant workers out of the country has always been hovering around 20%,which means that nearly 80%of rural households keep separated from their family members all the year round.The most typical feature of left-behind group is family of separation.The so-called "family separation" of the so-called group does not refer to the disintegration of the family,but rather that the members of the same family live together in the same space and become living in different spaces,although they are still members of the same family.The problem of family separation,which is characterized by the lack of family function and kinship,is the attribution of many problems faced by left-behind groups.Family separation not only caused the original family function defects,as a unit of governance,its foundation of "family regulating" and "state ordering" is damaged,which is the disharmony of the social stability and the hidden dangers of the entire national society development.Therefore,eliminating rural family separation and promoting the reunion of the left-behind families is the current urgent livelihood issue for our nation and society.The object of this paper is family separation problem in rural areas.The study approach focuses on two points.First,what's the location of rural people and rural households in the context of urbanization?Practically,the governance of the family separation has two parallel paths-the whole family moving to the city or return to the rural village.As the former path in line with the trend of urbanization,it's the current mainstream policy direction;the latter path under the mainstream of urbanization trend is ignored,which leads to the decline of the village,leaving the left-behind family group still large and the families abandoned on the edge of modernization together with rural villages.ractice has proved that urbanization cannot quickly solve the problem of family separation,but also does not mean disappearance of rural villages and farmers.For such a large agricultural country,agriculture,rural areas and farmers' development issues related to the vital interests of the people,Social stability and the development of the entire national economy.Therefore,in promoting the urbanization at the same time,we need another path-rural construction-to supplement.Solving the family separation of left-behinds should be two legs before the line.Based on the theoretical reflection of the countryside decline under modernization,the research focuses on the second path,explores the separation governance of the left-behind families from the rural revival or rural construction horizon,promotes the fair sharing of free and decent work and dignity happy life.This is one of the research ideas of this article,but also the question trying to answer.second,what policy tools,institutional arrangements and governance measures can be used to solve left-behind family separatuon?The current governance measures are devoted to urban integration,policy tools are mainly administrative or economic compensation,but whether this government-led path selection and economic assistance under the compensation principle respond to the real needs of the left-behind family or not,whether the institutional arrangements can achieve fairness and justice,we need to further explore.And from the view of "empowering the left-behind families and giving more social opportunities to help them achieve their own life goals according to their ability" is inadequate.This paper selects "rural development and farmer empowerment "as one of the research ideas,is the second research focus.The theoretical tools chosen in this paper is Amartya Sen's Capability Theory.It emphasizes the person 's subjective position and provides a strong explanatory power to the various injustice problems caused by social injustice in economic development,which is instructive to solve the problem of left-behind families who are forced to be separated with family members in the course of development.Amartya Sen is an encyclopaedia scholar,who builds a large theoretical network of"social justice","right","freedom" and so on,centered on "capability".He has unique reflection on the real social problems.In February 2017,the State Council announced the Central Committee's Document No.1 to promote the coordinated development of agricultural modernization and new urbanization,promote new progress in the construction of new socialist countryside,at the same time enhance the farmers' human capital,cultivate new farmers.And consider "empowerment",as the core ideas and major initiatives to promote rural governance and development of rural villages,agricultureand farmers.Empower rural villages,agriculture and farmers are a key element in rural development,which is placed prominently in solving rural problems.As a developing country,the country has a new way of thinking about solving the problem of left-behind family separation with the governance theory with Chinese characteristics,innovation and development of the theory of empowerment.Based on the study of the family separation problem,this paper chooses the three themes of Capability Theory-social justice,social arrangement and social gender as the theoretical framework.It explores the generating logic of family separation from the philosophical basis of capability,the free list of tools and gender view,puts forward governance countermeasures from the perspective of rural development and rural public policy adjustment.for research methods,the paper uses qualitative research and normative research by selecting five villages in central and western China as the case study spot in field research,describing the left-behind families by a rich case presentation and try to make the discussion "justified,words".The main points of the article are as follows:(1)Dependent on the deprivation of viability,the choice of a family of discrete lifestyles is a kind of real freedom,seriously damaging the development of rural areas and farmers.(2)The value deviation of the national rural development policy is the fundamental factor of the family's discrete generation.The core values of public policy and public action are fairness and justice,but utilitarian justice focuses on the sum of social welfare,leading to the decline of the countryside,the viability of the peasant "living in rural areas";Rawls's differential justice is only for a very small number Very unfavorable people,not the viability of poverty into the content,can not improve the situation of the whole family disadvantage.(3)the deviation of the value orientation of the national rural development policy,so that the rural social arrangements in the political freedom,economic conditions,social opportunities,transparency,protection and protection of five aspects(or even deprived)the ability to stay in the family,resulting in Its ability to stay in the village poor.(4)In the gender-neutral series of public policies,the lack of subjectivity of left-behind women in rural areas is the main reason for their inability to follow her husband into the city.(5)Governance of rural left-behind families Discrete public policy(or institutional arrangements)focus on the expansion of its viability,including the value of the policy level and policy implementation level adjustment.The full text is divided into four parts:The first part,including the introduction and the first chapter.Mainly through the introduction of the background of the problem,refining the research issues,combing the relevant literature,planning research approach,select and adjust the appropriate theoretical tools and methodology for laying the foundation for the follow-up study.Introduction:The main research background and significance,research status and review at home and abroad,research ideas,content and research methods,research innovation and shortcomings.Chapter 1,Theoretical Tools and Analytical Framework.Through the interpretation of the theory of feasible capacity,this paper constructs the analytical framework of this paper from the three aspects of "justice theory,social arrangement and social gender",and discusses the fit of theoretical tools and research objects.The second part,the main part of this article,includes the second to fifth chapters.Chapter 2,the left behind the village:field investigation.This chapter summarizes the five case villages of Qiao Village,Xing Village,Pan Village,Huang Village and Long Village on the basis of field investigation,and summarizes the discrete situation of the left-behind families.Through the case village "thoroughly" to show the current rural left-behind family of the phenomenon of the universality of the discrete and left behind the seriousness of the problem.And then through the case presentation and interview material to describe the standard of living of the group,trying to show their disadvantaged status through their low quality of life,noting that the retention of family leave is a deprivation of the basic viability of family members.Chapter 3,What is Justice:Reflections on the Value of Discrete Governance in Left-behind Family.This chapter explores the justice of the rural policy that affects the discorded family,which is embodied in utilitarianism and Rawls' sense of justice.By judging the justice of the two kinds of policy orientations by referring to Sen 's thought,revealing their injustice in the governance of the left-behind family,and put forward the justice thought based on the feasible ability.Chapter 4,What Social Arrangements:A List of Tools Freedom Discarded Tools in the Perspective of Feasibility.This chapter from the five aspects of instrumental freedom-political freedom,economic conditions,social opportunities,transparency assurance,protective security analysis related to the social development policy is how to lead to the ability of the remaining family poverty,triggering family discord.Chapter 5,what kind of gender construction:the subjective status of the discord in the family.This chapter analyzes the capacity deprivation of left-behind women in family discretization from a.gender perspective of viability.Through the gender concerns of rural policy analysis of rural women's ability to deprive,and then answer why the left-behind women can not enter the city.The third part,mainly in the sixth chapter,is feasible capacity building:rural left-behind family discrete governance road map.This chapter focuses on "discrete family governance" to put forward countermeasures and suggestions,including three aspects.On the one hand,at the level of value to establish a human viability to expand as the core" of the rural policy orientation,the gender perspective into the policy agenda,and vigorously promote the "new rural" construction for rural families to create conditions,The right to maintain the level of maintenance and the ability to stay in rural areas to cultivate,to give families equal to the right to development and opportunities to enhance their human capital.On the other hand,the policy adjustment,to expand the viability of the target,put forward the policy of rural home care policy adjustment recommendations.The fourth part,the conclusion and the prospect.Belongs to the conclusion part of this article,mainly summarizes the research conclusion,puts forward the insufficiency of this research,and looks forward to the development prospect of the problem.The innovation efforts of this paper are mainly focused on the research perspective and the research point of view.In the aspect of research,the characteristics of this paper are as follows:(1)Analyze the left-behind problem with "family discord" as the starting point.Family discord is the essential feature of the existence and dilution of the rural life groups,and it is also the key point to solve the problems of the elderly,women and children.Attention to the family level of the left-behind groups helps to think about the essence of the problem left behind.(2)to "rural development" as the threshold of governance family discourse.In the mainstream of the urbanization of the discourse system,select a less concerned but can not ignore the path-through the development of rural areas,to promote the stay home to live in rural areas,which is both a reflection of the mainstream of the new urbanization,but also the response to agricultural modernization The(3)to "feasible ability" as a theoretical tool,committed to the left-behind families "empowerment",from the perspective of the subjectivity of farmers to promote its real freedom of development.In the view of research,this paper argues that the fundamental reason for the discordance of rural households is the lack of freedom to"achieve family reunification",which is essentially derived of the viability of the life they choose.The impoverished poverty of rural families is closely related to the long-term urban and rural policy guidance and specific public policy arrangements.The solution to the problem lies in expanding the viability of rural neighborhoods by adjusting rural public policy at the perspective of rural construction.