A Study On The Supply Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of The Endowment Service System In China

As China officially enters an aging society,the elderly in China have put forward higher requirements for the function of social pension.China's existing pension service supply system has four long-standing ills: inadequacy,imbalance,fragmentation,and inefficiency.Therefore,this paper aims to study the "three-sexualization" in China's existing pension service system.The performance characteristics of the community,and the city of Hangzhou as a case to investigate the quality of community home care services.At the same time,it analyzes the main influencing factors of "three sexes" and puts forward the feasible policy recommendations for improving the old-age service supply system in China.First,the paper outlines the concepts of pension service provision,pension service supply system,long-term care and fragmentation.On the basis of introducing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,general system theory and customer perceived service quality theory,it clarifies the relevant literature review at home and abroad,and sorts out the theoretical logic of text research.Secondly,this paper analyzes the inadequacy,imbalance and fragmentation performance of China's old-age service supply system by means of qualitative research methods,and analyzes the influencing factors.Thirdly,taking Hangzhou as a case,the SERVQUAL model was used to investigate the quality of community home care services.At the same time,the "importance-performance level" analysis method is used for data analysis,and then a comprehensive evaluation of the community home care service in Hangzhou is obtained.The study draws the following conclusions:(1)First,the inadequacy of family pension services is reflected in the strengthening of the self-sufficiency of the elderly and the mode of family living from “common-style” to “intergenerational separation”.Second,the inadequacy of community home care services is manifested in the lack of family doctors and the slack in professional attitudes,and the lack of supply of community home care services.Third,the inadequacy of the provision of institutional pension services is reflected in the insufficient supply of institutional beds and the occupancy rate of pension institutions and the low utilization level of beds.(2)There are two factors influencing the insufficient supply of family pension services: First,the number of “empty-nest families” and “intergenerational families” increases;second,the “living care” caused by intergenerational space-time isolation."The lack of "mental comfort".There are two factors in the inadequate supply of community home care services: first,the neighborhood avoidance effect of community residents;second,the high investment and low profit operation mode is difficult to maintain.There are two factors influencing the inadequate supply of institutional pension services: first,the status of large-scale losses of pension institutions;second,the influence of geographic location factors and institutional positioning bias of pension institutions.At the same time,the insufficiency of the total supply of old-age care services is also closely related to the lack of government financial input.(3)The uneven distribution of the supply of aged care services is mainly reflected in the difference in service supply levels between urban and rural areas and the difference in service supply levels between the eastern and western regions.First,the difference in service supply levels between urban and rural areas shows the number of various types of pension institutions,the quality of pension service supply,and the number of medical service institutions and medical personnel.The overall performance is that the city level is higher than the rural level,and the trend is gradually expanding.Second,the difference in the level of provision of aged care services in the eastern,central and western regions is reflected in the level of pensions and replacement rates,as well as the differences in awareness rates,utilization rates,and service demand rates for aged care services.(4)The influencing factors of the imbalance of old-age services are mainly the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas and the economic development gap between the eastern and western regions.First of all,under the urban-rural dual structure,there are differences in living standards and differences in resource inclination between urban and rural people,and the implementation of differentiated social welfare treatment policies has further increased the gap in the level of supply of aged care services between regions.Second,the central and local governments follow the institutional logic of differential order distribution,so that the old-age resources will flood into the eastern part of the economic development.(5)Fragmentation of the provision of aged care services is mainly manifested in the separation of medical care services and the duplication of functions of multiple management entities.First,the specific performance of the separation of medical services is the deviation of the service object and the deviation of the service content.Secondly,the communication block and inter-departmental conflicts of interest between the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the National Disabled Persons' Federation are also the best manifestations of fragmentation of the system.(6)In the fragmentation of the supply of old-age services,the main influencing factors of the fragmentation of multi-management entities are the interests of the central government,local governments,enterprises and the masses.The main influencing factors of fragmentation of medical separation are the extension of life expectancy and the change of disease spectrum.Most old-age institutions do not have the medical ability and the traditional thinking mode of derivation.(7)Through the statistics of the gap between the actual feelings and expectations of the elderly,it is found that the quality of community-based aged care services in Hangzhou is generally at a lower-middle level.Through IPA data analysis,it is found that the residential community care service in Hangzhou needs to give priority to improving “tangibleness”.Based on the above seven points of research conclusions,combined with the innovation of the research and the defects of the supply system,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions from the four major points of the power of institutional intervention,the accuracy of functional orientation,the innovation of institutional construction and the improvement of the overall level.