A Study On Situational Prevention Of School Bullying

In recent years,school bullying has become an important topic in the research of juvenile delinquency,especially in primary and secondary schools.In 2017 alone,as far as the cases of campus bullying and campus violence are concerned,the total number of cases approved for arrest by the procuratorial organ in China has reached 2486,a substantial increase compared with the previous year;in 2018,there were 48 cases of campus bullying in primary and secondary schools that were publicized by the media,which directly reflected the serious situation of campus bullying in recent years.In this situation,it is urgent to study the prevention of bullying on campus.Therefore,this paper will start from the theory of situational prevention,focus on analyzing situational factors from primary and secondary school bullying cases,and explore situational prevention measures of campus bullying,in order to achieve the purpose of preventing campus bullying.The definition of bullying in campus is the basis of this paper.Compared with the characteristics of the concept of campus violence,this paper adopts "the connotation of campus bullying in a narrow sense",and clearly defines the scope of campus bullying as primary and secondary school campus.Based on the results of seven domestic scholars' investigations on bullying in primary and secondary schools and the contents of the report on bullying in Chinese Schools(hereinafter referred to as the report)published in 2017,it is found that bullying is relatively common in China,with a high incidence;language bullying and physical bullying still account for the highest proportion of bullying.The main characteristics of campus bullying are the trend of generalization,strong concealment,the inequality between the bully and the bullied,the emerging Internet bullying behavior began to flood,the gender difference is obvious and it is easy to produce psychological harm that is difficult to repair.As for the classification of the main types of bullying on campus,this paper mainly adopts Professor Ren Haitao's "six points method",which is specifically divided into:physical bullying,language bullying,relationship bullying,gender bullying,retaliatory bullying and online bullying.The causes of campus bullying mainly include social factors,school factors,family factors and students' individual factors.From these four aspects,themacro and micro aspects are combined to form a multi-dimensional cause analysis model.At present,the current situation of bullying in China's campus is not optimistic,and strong preventive measures are needed to prevent it from rampant.Under the traditional theory of crime prevention,the lag of judicial prevention means and social prevention means are time-consuming and laborious,so they can't deal with the current campus bullying in a timely and effective manner.However,situational prevention theory can make up for the defects of traditional theory,and curb the development trend of bullying with its practical operability and timeliness of effect.At the same time,situational prevention theory is a new theory,but it has rich practical experience.In the relevant documents published for bullying,many specific countermeasures are mentioned,and they embody the concept of situational prevention,which can be said to be one of the practical operations of situational prevention technology in China.The theory of situational prevention originated in England,and its main theoretical support comes from the theory of rational choice,the theory of environmental crime and the theory of daily activities.The essence of the theory is to improve the difficulty and risk of crime,to reduce the profits and excuses of crime,and to achieve the purpose of prevention by reducing the opportunities of crime.Ronald Clark,as the integrator of situational prevention theory,has developed it into five types of situational prevention strategies,including 25 specific situational prevention measures,which provides a variety of design sources and practical programs for the study of campus bullying situational prevention measures.Based on the analysis of typical cases of campus bullying in recent years,this paper summarizes the specific situational factors of campus bullying as time factor,space factor,behavior factor,cause factor and condition promoting factor.Based on the guidance of situational prevention theory,this paper makes a reasonable assumption on the situational prevention measures of campus bullying,in order to make a feasible and effective prevention plan.The formulation of such measures mainly focuses on five situational prevention strategies,namely,increasing crime difficulty,increasing crime risk,reducing crime proceeds,reducing crime provocation or temptation and eliminating crime excuses.Specifically,the difficulty of bullying is increased through strengthening the subject matter,strictly controlling the auxiliary tools and instruments,and designing the situational prevention measures fromthe perspective of the victim;the risk of bullying is increased by establishing and improving various monitoring means,reducing anonymity,and expanding guardianship;the reality is reduced by reducing the material and spiritual benefits;reduce the provocation of bullying behavior by alleviating the frustration and pressure of students,reducing the temptation and stimulation of external environment,and preventing behavior imitation;eliminate the excuses of bullying behavior by making rules,posting notices,arousing conscience and forbidding students from contacting drugs and alcohol.On this basis,a relatively perfect situational prevention measures system is formed to provide good measures for the prevention of school bullying,so as to restore a healthy and sunny campus life as soon as possible.