Comparative Study On Three Sets Of Middle School Mathematics Textbooks In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Republic Of China

The textbook is a teaching book which is compiled according to the curriculum outline or curriculum standard,which systematically reflects the teaching contents of the subject,and is also the main material for the teachers to teach the subject knowledge and the students to acquire the knowledge.Mathematics textbooks have a pivotal position to mathematics.In the history of mathematics education,the late Qing Dynasty is the modernization of education in the initial stage,and the mathematics textbooks at this stage were dominated by the translation of foreign textbooks,in this context,traditional mathematics and western mathematics began to collide;the period of the Republic of China is an important period for the development of mathematics education in China,the period experienced a variety of academic systems.And many mathematics textbooks have been compiled under different academic systems.Therefore,the textbooks of the Republic of China have completed the transition from translated textbooks to self-compiled textbooks,the knowledge and system of weastern mathematics have been gradually accepted.Studying mathematics textbooks in these two periods can not only shows the teaching content and characteristics,but also reflects the acceptance of weastern mathematics.This thesis mainly adopts the literature method and the comparative method,attempting to carry on the research from the following several aspects to the middle school mathematics textbook in the periods of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China:(1)The course of development of middle school mathematics textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty.Taking the educational system(academic system,curriculum arrangement)as the clue,the late Qing Dynasty was divided into two stages: the founding of schools in the late Qing Dynasty(1862-1901)and the first establishment of the school system in the late Qing Dynasty(1902-1911).On the basis of introducing the social background of the two periods,this paper combs the course of development of mathematics textbooks in middle schools in the late Qing Dynasty from the compilation and the use of textbooks,and founds a set of textbooks commonly used in middle schools in the late Qing Dynasty,which is the translation of Japanese textbooks.(2)The development course of national mathematics textbooks for middle schools during the Republic of China.Taking the educational system and politics as the clue,The period of the Republic of China is divided into the following four stages: "the period of Ren Zi Gui Chou school system"(1912-1922),"the period of Ren Xu school system"(1923-1927),"the period of curriculum standards"(1928-1937)and "the period of the War of Resistance against Japan"(1938-1949).After learning the social background of the textbook development,the development course of the national middle school mathematics textbooks in the period of the Republic of China is reviewed from two angles on the complilation and use of the textbooks.It is found that the commonly used middle school textbooks of early period in the Republic of China and the later period of the Republic of China are respectively “the textbook of the Republic” and “the textbook of Renaissance” published by the Commercial Press.(3)The use of Middle School Mathematics textbooks in Sichuan during the Republic of China.Considering the formal unification of China in 1928,this paper takes 1928 as the boundary,and the period of the Republic of China is divided into the early period of the Republic of China(1912-1927)and the late period of the Republic of China(1928-1949).This paper explains the actual curriculum arrangement in Sichuan in these two periods,and on this basis,it investigates the use of mathematics textbooks in middle schools in the period of the Republic of China.It was found that the middle school mathematics textbook commonly used in Sichuan during the Republic of China was a set of mathematics textbooks published by the Zhengzhong Book Company.(4)A comparative study of textbooks.In order to compare the mathematics textbooks of middle school in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the author collected three sets of middle school mathematics textbooks which were widely used in the late Qing Dynasty,the late Republic of China and the late period of the Republic of China in Sichuan.From four angles of writing idea,structure,content selection and arrangement,noun term and mathematical symbol,this paper compares the three sets of textbooks horizontally and vertically.Finally,on the basis of summarizing the characteristics of the three sets of textbooks,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the compilation of current mathematics textbooks,then discusses the direction of future research.