The Empirical Research Of Visual Thinking Tools To Promote The Development Of Higher-order Thinking

With the introduction of algorithm and programming into the information technology curriculum standard,in response to the international call to popularize artificial intelligence courses and programming education,it is a difficult and urgent task to train primary school students' higher-order thinking ability.The cultivation of higher order thinking ability can be used to create a classroom environment conducive to higher-order learning behavior,so that the training of high-order thinking ability is an effective way to develop higher-order thinking ability.The study found that Scratch programming can promote the development of higher-order thinking,the application of Scratch into the information technology classroom of compulsory education has become the focus of many researchers and educators.In the teaching of Scratch,the requirement of thinking ability is very high,while elementary school students are in the process of developing from image thinking to thinking,and their high-order thinking ability needs to be cultivated and trained.From the analysis of the essential characteristics of visual thinking tools,it is believed that visual thinking tools can help to cultivate learners' higher-order thinking ability.This article will combine the different ways of thinking supported by five kinds of visual thinking tools,analysis the problem types supported by the five kinds of visual thinking in Scratch teaching,and by practicing in F primary school in Changsha city,we try to apply five visual thinking tools to Scratch programming teaching,Creating a classroom environment conducive to the performance of higher-order thinking and promoting the occurrence of higher-order learning behaviors.The purpose of the research is to solve the following questions:1.What is the thought process of learners when they are doing the Scratch programming task?What are the ways of thinking?2.How do visual thinking tools support different ways of thinking?3.Can Scratch programming teaching supported by visual thinking tools develop learners' higher-order thinking ability?The research process from the following aspects:First of all,it reveals the features of visual thinking tools and the thinking features behind them,and analyzes the support of visual thinking tools features to the thinking process of Scratch programming tasks.Select the Scratch program design task topic,"Scratch animation feature-draw the rule graphics","Scratch game feature-making whack-a-mole game".Analyze the thinking process of specific task production,The visual thinking tools features support for the Scratch programming task creation thinking process.Then,the teachers and students of F primary school in Changsha city are engaged in the special teaching of Scratch programming based on task-driven teaching method.Finally,the evaluation of the development of higher-order thinking ability in the Scratch programming task is to select seven first-order factors in the higher-order thinking structure model and two non intelligence factors of higher-order thinking:learning motivation and self-efficacy.The evaluation forms of these nine factors are divided into two types:First,it is the evaluation of the thinking process,using qualitative evaluation,it evaluates the learner's thinking quality and the performance of the learning and submitted work during the Scratch programming task;Second,it is the evaluation of the learning experience,based on the changes of learners' learning motivation and self-efficacy before and after the teaching intervention,evaluate learners'feelings about the teaching of Scratch programming.The study found that,according to qualitative evaluation,select 80 students who higher-order thinking ability has been developed,their learning motivation and self-efficacy compared before and after the teaching intervention,compared with other learners change is more obvious,and with more significant positive correlation with the teaching intervention.Therefore,for the fifth grade primary school students,create classroom learning environment,that using Scratch tools to help create animations and games.The learner supports the learner with visual thinking tools.To give learners the opportunity to express their higher-order thinking ability.Therefore,action research that promotes the development of higher-order thinking is effective.