The Analysis Of The Influence Of Economic Openness And Fertility Rates On Chinese Female Employment

Since implented the reform and opening policy from1978,especially after joined the WTO in 2001,the degree of China's trade liberalization increased.The export of labor-intensive products and the introduction of FDI promote the economy of our country;it also increased the women's employment,it increased from 2001 in 42.25 million to 2015 in 65.27 million.As the economic opening on China's female employment,there are a lot of theoretical and empirical research.Theoretically,open economy can affect the female employment in the following aspects: First,the labor intensive production and export of goods can create more jobs,for example,the clothing,footwear,electronic products processing and other industries,in these area women have a higher,at least not less than male output efficiency;Second,the introduction of FDI,especially the introduction of export processing trade type of FDI can absorb more women in employment;Third,western advanced thoughts changed female's values,thus promotes the cultivation of the female independent consciousness,let more women especially rural women leave home to go out to work.But in the current existing study they are mostly ignored the fact that when China carried out the open economy also implemented the strict family planning policies.To a great extent,female employment rates rise after the reform and opening up may caused by the family planning policy of lower fertility.The family planning policy reduced the number of children who shuold be cared in the family and improve the women's will to the labor market,at the same time also increased the continuity of the female employment which will reduce the additional cost of hiring female employees and improve the enterprise demand for female labor.So if we ignore the influence of the family planning policy,may result in omitting variable and overestimated economic opening for the promotion of female employment.In view of this,this paper carried on the empirical research about the influence of open economy and the fertility rate on female employment.This paper using CHNS(China's Family Nutrition and Health Survey data)matching provincial economy open data examined the influence of opening up and the fertility on female employment rates,and focus on the urban and rural areas,women's education level,marriage and other factors.This study found that:(1)Open economy can really promote the employment of women in our country,but after joining the fertility rate variable,the opening of the economy will drop significantly influence coefficient,this means that women employment levels rise is the dual reult of open economy and the one-child policy;(2)Urban household registration,the higher level of education will improve the level of women's employment,and marriage is significant negative impact on female employment;(3)The increase of FDI will significantly increase the wages of women,but the development of the trade would reduce the wage level of the women and have more significant impact on rural women.This research has important theoretical and policy significance.We can found that:(1)A country's economic policy might be influenced by multiple factors,the result of the economic policy should be considered other factors to avoid too simple or direct inference;(2)Open economy promoted the female employment and improved women's economic status,so we need to stick to the opening-up policy,introduce foreign capital actively to improve the deepening of the open economy system to facilitate the promotion of female employment;(3)After China's reform and opening up,the rise of female employment rates related to the family planning policy of lower fertility.The relaxation of the one-child policy in 2013 and the implementation of the two-child policy in 2016 will affect the fertility level and even the female employment rate,therefore the public policy should give it the corresponding attention and support;(4)The influence of economic openness and fertility on women employment have urban or rural differences,and the influence of urban families is bigger,so we should pay attention to balanced development between urban and rural areas;(5)Education level has significant positive effect on women's employment,and this paper provides the theoretical basis,we should attach great importance to the accumulation of female human capital to improve women's labor productivity;(6)FDI will improve women's wages,but the development of primary processing industry in China will lower the wage level,thus we should promote the development of deep processing industry in our country,attaches great importance to improve the system of job security to improve the level of female employee wages and benefits.