| Establishment of Specialties in vocational colleges plays the role of transformer in the transformation of talent structure and industrial structure;the categories,quantities,number of specialty distribution,and enrollment plan are the significant indicators to measure the structure of specialty whose development is the miniature of industrial transformation and micro-reflection of social economy.Acceleration of adjustment of specialty structure and expansion of autonomy in specialty establishment of vocational colleges will not only help enhance the adaptability of specialty establishment to regional industries,but also have important practical meanings on deepening the integration of production and education and collaboration of colleges and enterprises and improving the fitness of high talents and the labor market.The paper has done statistical investigations on the development of three industries of Guangzhou City in recent decade and finds that industrial structure of three industries of Guangzhou has changed from the ratio of 1:29:27 in 2006 to the ratio of 1:24:57 in 2016;the employment of three industries has changed from the ratio of 1:2.8:3.4 in 2006 to the ratio of 1:5:8 in 2016;and the third industry has contributed far more than the first and the second industry to the economic growth.From the perspective of specialty establishment,the paper has found that categories of specialties are complete which satisfied the requirements of specialty catalogue;several specialties are becoming homogeneous and the special brand of specialties is not typical;and the establishment of specialties relatively lagged behind based on the investigation of specialty establishment in seven municipal vocational colleges in Guangzhou.As to different industries,the supply of employment is less than the demand in the first industry,which makes the categories,quantities and enrollment plan of specialties relative to the first industry need to be further enlarged;the categories of the second industry has basically covered all the areas of labor market,and the supply of labor is going up whose proportion is still less than the demand;and the categories of specialties in the third industry are complete while the proportion of planned enrollment in the third industry to the total enrollment is larger than theproportion of employment in third industry in the labor market.In short,the categories of specialties of municipal vocational colleges in Guangzhou has basically satisfied the needs of market,but there is still some contradiction between distribution of specialties and industrial structure of three industries as well as between planned enrollment and the proportion of employment in three industries.In order to enhance the adaptability of specialty establishment of municipal vocational colleges to regional industries,we need to improve the active linkage of education and talent chain to industry and innovation chain,promote the collaboration of colleges and enterprises on education,and adjust the construction of specialties to the transformation and upgrading of industries.Based on the theory of Nash Equilibrium,starting at "community" and focusing on cooperation and integration,this paper suggests enforcing macro-economic control and perfecting the top level design of specialties establishment by government through introducing relative policies of specialty establishment and constructing platform of information sharing.It also suggests improving mechanism of College-Enterprise cooperation,broadening the areas of participating of enterprises,deepening the integration of production and education,promote the linkage between specialties and industries.Municipal vocational colleges should establish brand specialties according to their own educational characteristics and advantages,enhance the construction of specialty connation,and transform the specialty establishment of vocational colleges from "Nash Equilibrium" to "Pareto Optimality". |
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