An Analysis Of Material Concept In Middle School Level And Its Hierarchical Model Construction

In April 2014,the Ministry of Education proposed to develop a core literacy system for students in one to twelve grades,which should clarify required qualities and key competences that are important for individuals' life-long development and entire society's development.The value of physics education is embodied by core literacy of physics disciplines,which reflects correct value concept,essential character and key ability that students gradually obtain through physics learning.The core literacy of physics disciplines includes four aspects: "physical concept," "scientific thinking," "scientific inquiry," and "scientific attitude and responsibility." Physical concept is one of the elements of the core literacy of physics disciplines,which mainly includes material concepts,concepts of movement and interaction,and energy concepts.All of these elements play an important role in students' understanding and understanding of the physical world.One of the goals of the high school physics course is to hope that students can form physical concept in their minds through high school,instead of fragmented,one-sided knowledge points,it is possible to use physical concepts to explain natural phenomena and solve practical problems and to apply physical concepts to describe the complete picture of nature.The description of the physical concept of the core literacy of the physics discipline is relatively general,while the literature on the material concept is also relatively small.Therefore,this study selects material concept as the object of study—one of the elements of the physical concept.It clarifies the connotation of the material concept,constructs a hierarchical model of the material concept,and then summarizes the material concepts in the middle school physics curriculum,so that the material concept becomes operational.It has reference value for follow-up course implementation.This study mainly addresses the following issues: 1 the connotation of material concepts;2 a hierarchical model of material concepts;3 material concepts in the middle school physics curriculum.In order to solve the above research problems,this study mainly contains three research contents: 1 Ontology research of material concepts.This part mainly adopts the literature analysis method to gradually clarify the connotation and characteristics of material concepts from concepts,scientific concepts,and physical concepts.2 The construction of a hierarchy of material concepts.This section is based on the trend of integrating science education content around big ideas at home and abroad.Starting from the material ontology understanding,it analyzes the description of matter in the middle school physics curriculum standards and constructs a hierarchy model of material concepts.3 the material concept in the middle school physics course.The content of this study is based on the material concept level model,the curriculum standard of middle school physics and the material concept related to the material.It summarizes and sums up the material concepts in the physics courses of junior and high school respectively,and guarantees the reliability with the method of expert consultation.This study has obtained the following conclusions and recommendations:(1)Defined the connotation and characteristics of the material concept.The material concept is the basic understanding of the individual's material-related problems in physics.It is the sublimation of physical concepts and physical laws related to matter in physics.It is the basis for individuals to apply material knowledge to solve problems from the perspective of physics.Students gradually form a general understanding of matter in their minds to deepen their understanding of the material world.material concept includes an individual's general understanding of the structure of matter,the nature of matter,and the state of matter in the field of physics.Material concepts are subjective,rich,and hierarchical.(2)Construct a hierarchical model of material concept.This study considers that there is a hierarchical relationship between the material concepts and the core ideas in the physical domain,as well as physical concepts and laws.From the bottom up,the first is to obtain the physical and physical laws from scientific facts,and the second is about the four core ideas of matter: the existence of matter,the nature of matter,the structure and scale of matter,the state of matter,Finally,it is a material congcept.From the hierarchical model,we can clearly see the core ideas and physical concepts covered in the concept of matter,enrich the laws,and develop the connotation of material concepts.This is the foundation and source of material concepts.From the top down,we can see that the material concept is the ideal form of its corresponding knowledge,with a high degree of abstraction and generality,it embodies the contents of the four core ideas and physical concepts and laws.The following points can also be drawn from the material concept hierarchy model: 1The material concept is the result of the refinement and sublimation of physical concepts and physical laws that correspond to matter.2 Material concept has a top-down leading role in the core ideas and physics knowledge it covers;3 The formation of material concepts is gradual and procedural.(3)Summarizes the material concepts in the middle school physics curriculum.This study summarizes 12 material concepts in the junior high school physics curriculum and 17 material concepts in the high school physics curriculum.These material concepts mainly cover the four core ideas of “existence form of matter”,“attribute of matter”,“structure and scale of matter”,and “state change of matter”.(4)According to the above research conclusions,some teaching suggestions have been obtained for cultivating material concepts in middle school physics teaching.1 The cultivation of material concepts should focus on the core ideas covered by material concepts,and promote the formation and development of students from specific knowledge to material concepts.2 In the teaching,through the gradual learning and application of physical concepts and laws,students' material concepts can be promoted and developed.At the same time,students' material concepts can also promote and consolidate students' understanding of specific physical knowledge.3 Material concept is hierarchical.Teachers should continue to promote students' material concept from the low level to the high level in the teaching process.