A Survey On Figure Of Speech In Chinese(Zhongwen)(Chinese Textbooks For Primary School)

Rhetoric is the speech act of language.Some scholars put forward the idea of teaching Chinese as a foreign language of taking rhetoric as a key point,however,the main topics for discussion at present are still phonetics,vocabulary,grammar and Chinese characters,which are according to the study of teaching materials about Chinese second language acquisition or some relevant field.This article mainly focus on types,quantities,genres,content distribution,difficulty of the figure of speech in Chinese(Zhongwen)(primary school edition),and makes a sample comparison with the domestic primary textbooks,Yuwen(PEP edition).This paper investigates the distribution and writing status of Chinese teaching materials and the main differences among them and between domestic Chinese teaching materials,thus providing reference for Chinese teaching and textbook compilation,also for Chinese rhetoric acquisition and research for overseas students.By means of comparison,quantitative analysis,qualitative analysis and so on,we concluded our findings mainly on the figure of speech of Chinese(Zhongwen):as following(1)The distribution of quantity of commonly-used figure of speech is unbalanced and there is a high frequency of the analogy;(2)As for the genre and content,most of the figure of speech are presented in narrative and story texts,also with unbalanced distribution;(3)Concerning the difficulty part,it also has the problem on unbalanced distribution and incomprehensibility;(4)As for the analogy of the rhetorical case,which has the highest frequency,the selection of its Noumenon does not reflect the problem of advanced difficulty;(5)The corresponding exercises,teaching reference,the outline of teaching and examination,etc.,which do not give corresponding attention to the figure of speech in textbook.Besides,compared with figure of speech in Yuwen,we concluded that the main comparison results between them:as following(1)About the arrangement of same four kinds of frequently used high-frequency figure of speech,Chinese(Zhongwen)is less scientific and systematic than Yuwen;(2)Concerning the analogy and metaphor with high-frequency,the difficulty of Yuwen is obviously higher than that of Chinese(Zhongwen);(3)The same texts of two sets of textbooks are same on the whole in contents and arrangements of figure of speech,nevertheless,there is a difference in the form of practice.Chinese(Zhongwen)don’t involve any part of figure of speech and its teaching.Finally,the author tries to put forward some suggestions to Chinese(Zhongwen)from the following aspects: Knowledge arrangement of figure of speech,writing of teaching reference,practice setting and other aspects.