The Impact Of New Rural Social Pension Insurance On The Labor Supply Of The Rural Elderly

Population aging is a product of social development.Since the 1980s,especially the late 1990s,China's aging population has been increasing.In rural areas,with more and more young and middle-aged labor force population flowing into urban areas,the proportion of rural elderly population in rural population continues to rise,so that it surpasses that of urban areas,at the same time,the weakening of land security capability,the weakening of family pension security function and the miniaturization of family size highlight the contradiction between supply and demand for rural endowment,and also make the labor participation rate of rural elderly people remain high,more and more attention is being paid to the problems of elderly care and labor force participation in rural areas.In order to effectively guarantee the elderly life of the population in rural areas of China and fill the gap of social old-age security system,the new rural social insurance system(hereinafter referred to as the "new rural insurance")arises at the historic moment,The "new rural insurance" makes the rural elderly pension income realized from the "no" to"have" to change.With the implementation of the "new rural insurance" system and its gradual coverage,the impact of the "new rural insurance" on the elderly in rural areas has been widely concerned.This thesis makes a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of rural elderly labor participation and labor supply time by means of literature research method and statistical analysis method,on this basis,this paper studies the influence of "new rural insurance" on rural elderly labor supply by using empirical analysis method,and finally puts forward targeted policy suggestions based on the research conclusion.In this thesis,the national baseline survey data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)was used to build the model based on the labor supply theory,and the regression analysis was conducted by using Probit model and Tobit model.The research results showed that:(1)the influence direction of "new rural insurance" on rural elderly labor participation rate is not stable.In 2011,the"new rural insurance" pension income significantly reduced the total labor force participation rate of the rural elderly and their own agricultural labor force participation rate.For each 1%increase in pension income,the total labor force participation rate of the rural elderly and their own agricultural labor force participation rate decreased by 3.26 percentage points and 3.06 percentage points,respectively.However,for every 1%increase in the income of "new rural insurance"in 2013,the total labor force participation rate of the rural elderly and their own agricultural labor force participation rate increased by 2.48 and 1.82 percentage points,respectively.Therefore,the influence direction of new rural insurance on the rural elderly labor force participation rate is not stable.(2)the impact of the "new rural insurance,on the rural elderly labor supply time do not have lasting significance.In 2011,the pension income of "new rural insurance" significantly reduced the total labor supply time of rural elderly and their own agricultural labor time.For every 1%increase of "new rural insurance" income,the total labor supply time and their own agricultural labor time decreased by 17.32 hours and 18.19 hours respectively.However,the results of the research using the data of the 2013 survey show that the "new rural insurance" has no significant impact on the labor time.(3)Factors such as health status,family per capita income,economic support of children and living arrangement have a relatively stable impact on the labor supply of rural elderly people.Among them,the better the health condition and the higher the per capita income of families,the more rural seniors tend to increase labor participation rate and increase labor supply time,and the economic support of the children and the living arrangements with the children reduce labor participation and will reduce labor supply time,the influence of their condition and family factor on rural old people's labor supply cannot be ignored.In view of the above research conclusions,this thesis gives the following countermeasures and suggestions:(1)we should further improve the new rural t insurance system and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for basic pension,while promoting the connection between the "new rural insurance" system and the social old-age insurance for urban and rural residents.Meanwhile,for rural residents under 60 years of age,the country should encourage them to participate in early insurance and pay early fees,guide them to choose higher level pay cost standard and enrich their personal accounts,and increase the proportion of indemnification income in total income,so as to improve the system's security capacity and enhance the sustainability of the system.(2)we should broaden the income channels of rural seniors and adjust their income composition.This can be done in two ways:First,we will accelerate land transfer to free the rural elderly from heavy agricultural production and increase their economic income;Second adjusting rural industrial structure and promoting the integrated development of primary,secondary and tertiary industries;We will create more employment opportunities for the elderly in rural areas.While developing the human resources of the elderly in rural areas,we will improve their economic capacity and status.(3)we will promote coordinated development of various pension modes.First,individual should be encouraged to purchase commercial endowment insurance;Second,we should continue to play an important role in family endowment while developing social endowment,improve the status of the elderly in the family,form a social atmosphere of respecting and cherishing the elderly,and actively respond to the aging of the population.