The Effects Of Different Goal Settings On The Competitive Ability Of Junior Badminton Athletes

Objective:This study sets long-term goals and combination of long-term and short-term goals for young athletes in the Shanghai Badminton Reserve Talent Base to explore the impact of different goal setting interventions on the competitive ability of young badminton players and find a more suitable goal setting method to improve the special physical fitness,special skills and volition quality of young badminton athletes.Methods:In this study,35 young athletes from the Shanghai Sports School Badminton Team were selected,and the research subjects were divided into the long-term goals group（LG,set long-term goals,12 people）,the combination of long-and short-term goals group（set long-term and short-term combined goals,12 people）and control group（no goal setting,11 people）.Among them,the LG was set to a long-term goal of 9 months;for the LSG participants to set a 9-month long-term goal,the short-term goal was set on a monthly basis;and feedback was provided to the athlete during the goal setting intervention.Before and after the goal setting intervention,the subjects were asked to test the specific physical fitness,specific technical level and complete the questionnaire about the volitional quality.During the experiment period,2⁴ research subject members from each training day went to the badminton gymnasium of Shanghai Sports School to record the training performance of the athletes.Based on this analysis,the athletes’technical performance was evaluated.Results:（1）Intervention results of the specific physical fitness.After the goal setting intervention,the LG（p=0.001）and LSG（p=0.008）had significant improvement in aerobic running performance after intervention,but there was no significant difference in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups（p=0.262）.After intervention,the LG（p=0.024）and LSG（p=0.000）had significant improvement in the back strength,and there was a significant difference in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups（p=0.026）.After intervention,the LG（p=0.004）and the LSG（p=0.000）had significant improvement in flat support,and there was a significant difference in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups（p=0.000）.The LG（p=0.000）and the LSG（p=0.000）had significant improvement in 1min sit-ups after intervention,but there was no significant difference in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups（p=0.479）.After intervention,the LG（p=0.004）and LSG（p=0.000）achieved significant improvement in solid ball throwing distance,and there was a significant difference in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups（p=0.000）.After intervention,the vertical jump performance of the three groups was significantly improved,the largest increase was the LSG（6.6m）,followed by the LG（5.1cm）and the CG（3.7cm）.The LG（p=0.001）and the LSG（p=0.005）had significant improvement in 30m run performance after intervention,and there was a significant difference in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups（p=0.033）.After intervention,the scores of ten low-gravity quadrangle runs(p_LG=0.001,p_LSG=0.000,p_CG=0.005)and 20m×5 round trip runs(p_LG=0.001,p_LSG=0.001,p_CG=0.017)of the three groups were significantly improved.There was a significant difference in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups in ten low-gravity quadrangle runs（p=0.005）;but there was no significant difference in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups in 20m×5round trip runs（p=0.058）.The LG（p=0.015）and the LSG（p=0.008）had significant improvement in 10s quadrant jump performance after intervention,but there was no significant difference in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups（p=0.070）.After intervention,the performance of the three groups on the one-minute double-rocking rope jump was significantly improved,and there was no significant difference in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups（p=0.779）.Among them,the LSG had the greatest improvement（9.8）,followed by the LG（7.8）and the CG（7.1）.（2）The intervention results of the special skills.The special skills of three groups’athletes are significantly improved compared with those before the intervention(p_LG=0.016,p_LSG=0.001,p_CG=0.006).And,the athletes in the LSG（5.97）were better than those who set long-term goals（3.44）and those who did not（2.92）.（3）The results of intervention in volition quality.After intervention,the LG had significant improvement in consciousness（p=0.012）,tenacity（p=0.002）,and total scores of volition quality（p=0.013）;the LSG had significant improvement in consciousness（p=0.001）,independence（p=0.007）,tenacity（p=0.038）and total scores of volition quality（p=0.000）;the CG had only significant improvement in the dimension of conscious（p=0.050）.And there were no significant differences in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups in tenacity.The results of the specific subscale of volition quality showed that after intervention,the LG had significant improvement in five subscales:goal clarity（p=0.002）,self-control（p=0.014）,belief confirmation（p=0.011）,burnout endurance（p=0.018）and difficulty tolerance（p=0.050）;the LSG had significant improvement in goal clarity（p=0.014）,self-control（p=0.000）,belief validation（p=0.010）and burnout endurance（p=0.047）;the CG had significant improvement only on self-control subscale（p=0.001）;but there were no significant differences in the difference between pre-test and post-test scores among the three groups.Conclusion:（1）Setting different goals can effectively improve the performance of young badminton players’specific physical fitness indicators,but the intervention effect of setting long-term and short-term combined goals is better.（2）Setting different goals can enhance players’specific technical level,but the intervention of setting long-term and short-term goals is better.（3）Athletes with long-term goals achieve better promotion in the dimension of consciousness and tenacity of volition quality.Athletes with long-term and short-term combined goals achieve better promotion in the dimension of independence,decisiveness and overall level of volition quality.On the whole,the intervention of setting goals is helpful to improve the level of young badminton players’volition quality.