Effects Of Combination With Goal-setting And Feedback On Skill Training,Physical Training And Mental Health In Elite Adolescent Female Volleyball Athletes

Objective: The aim of this study is to use the goal setting theory training and combine long-term continuous feedback on professional volleyball players' specific technique,Physical Fitness and mental health intervention,to explore the effects of combination with goal-setting and feedback on skill training,physical training and mental health in elite adolescent female volleyball athletes.So we can provide various ways for their further training and performance.Finally,they can improve their athletic performance in the future.Methods: A total of 12 elite adolescent female volleyball athletes were recruited from Shanghai Sports School,and the players of this team had regular volleyball training from Monday to Saturday at 13:00-17:00.Training programs include specific technique and Physical Fitness training.Later,the subjects were randomly assigned to an intervention group(goal setting group)and a control group(remained unchanged training methods),each group consists of 6 players.The whole process of intervention in the goal setting was recorded by at least two to four experimenters of every afternoon for nine months throughout one academic year.Moreover,we would test their physical fitness indexes,use The Trait Sport-confidence Scale and The Self-esteem Inventory(inventory for schools)to test their mental health conditions at the beginning and end of the intervention in order to measure the changes of the indicators all above.Except for the training methods of goal-setting(we would communicate with athletes at beginning and determined to improve each index up to 20% as their long-term goals,a few weaknesses have a promotion of 10% at first.In other words,they had to improve their performance indexes up to about 2.5% per month for short-term goals.Feedback was conducted at the same time.We provided verbal feedback every 15 days and charts every 1 months of players' performance to let them know their achievements)of two groups,other conditions such as training halls,training intensity and training time etc were all the same.Results: After 9 months of goal-setting intervention,compared with the control group,goal-setting group's success rate of serve receive,attack receive and power-attacking technology had improved significantly(p < 0.001)than before.After the intervention,the goal-setting group's one-minute bench press(p = 0.043)and one-minute simultaneous knee and abdominal raise(p = 0.034)test results had increased significantly than the control group.The rest of the test results had no significant difference between the two groups.The psychological questionnaire scores after the intervention have significant difference between goal-setting group and control group's subjects than before.The group of goal-setting's levels of self-esteem score compared with the control group had fell down after the intervention(p = 0.073).On the other hand,the control group scored slightly increasing(p = 0.088)in levels of self-esteem.But there were no significant changes in intra-group comparison.Compared with the control group after intervention,goal-setting group's Trait Sport-confidence level scores had significant improvement than before(p = 0.010),and the control group had no significant changes all the way in the intervention(p = 1.000).Conclusion: Combination of goal-setting and feedback can effectively promote the success rate of adolescent female volleyball athletes' serve receive,attack receive and power-attacking technology.Combination of goal-setting and feedback has positive effects on adolescent female volleyball athletes' physical quality.Among all the test items,the upper-limb strength and back-waist strength showed a big promotion after the intervention.At the same time,the goal-setting intervention can also improve adolescent female volleyball athletes' jumping ability,flexibility and abdominal strength.Combination of goal-setting and feedback has significant improvement in adolescent female volleyball athletes' level of trait sport-confidence,but has a limited effect on levels of self-esteem and needs to be confirmed further.