The Impact Of Male Roles Vacancy On Rural Left-behind Families

In 2018,a monitoring report on migrant workers released by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that the total number of migrant workers in China now stands at 287 million,with 172 million going out,including 137 million going into cities.Such a large number of rural main labor force leave the land to work and do business in cities and towns,making the phenomenon of "386199" three left-behind groups become a prominent social problem.According to the data from the sixth census,there are more than 50 million left-behind elderly people and 50 million left-behind women,and more than 60 million left-behind children in China.The government attaches great importance to the survival and development of left-behind community,many times in the middle of the government work report or file highlighted in "establishing and perfecting the rural left-behind children and women,the elderly care service system".Based on this,the author believes that left-behind families are the main environment for left-behind groups to live in.The qualitative research on left-behind problems from the perspective of individual males to the family level is helpful to provide empirical basis for subsequent studies on the derivative problems of left-behind families,and has certain practical significance for establishing and improving the care and service system for left-behind groups.This paper mainly adopts qualitative research method.First of all,due to the differences in the interviewees and objectives,two interview plans were established and improved through literature review and semi-structured interview,and 25 research subjects were obtained through snowball method and recommendation by village cadres.Then,based on the grounded theory,a variety of qualitative research methods were conducted,including group interview,case interview(telephone interview and face-to-face case interview)and participatory observation method,and the interview data of 25 respondents and the observation data of 3 typical left-behind families were transcribed into texts.At last,the three-level coding of grounded theory text data is carried out and the relationship diagram is constructed.Starting from the sociology of gender and family sociology,this study through the role of the male individual level vacancy derivative to the family of medium measure structure imbalance,to family function defect,sums up the macro theory structure functionalism emphasizes the role of-structure-correlation function.First of all,it defines four roles of men in traditional rural families from three dimensions:marital role "husband",parent-child role "father" or "son",and family affairs role "head of household".Combing the traditional rural 5 types of family structure(husband and wife,core,trunk,joint and other forms)and five aspects of family functioning(production,care,support and emotional satisfaction and participation in the transaction function).Then,it analyzes the macro-medium-micro reasons for the absence of male roles in rural left-behind families as well as the three manifestations of male role imbalance(role disruption,conflict and unclear),explain it with the model of "location-role" the absence of male characters in left-behind family structure imbalance,and sorted out the structural imbalance of three basic types,including"left-behind","double left-behind" and "three left-behindn family.Finally,based on the relationship between structure and function emphasized by structuralism,this paper expounds that the dysfunction of family structure under the absence of male role leads to the "disorder"of family function,indirectly confirms that there is an inevitable causal relationship between the absence of male role and family function defect,and systematically expounds the specific manifestation of the functional defect of left-behind family.The results show that male family roles vacancy phenomenon occurring in the process of urbanization in rural family for personal and family interests maximize the inevitable trend.Combined with structuralism,it concludes that the absence of male roles directly leads to the structural imbalance of left-behind families in rural areas,and then indirectly leads to the functional defects of left-behind families.From families at the same time,the function defect of the range and degree of influence,the empirical scope of left-behind family function under different male role vacancy defect,among them,the "husband","father" and "son" and"household" role under the absence of left-behind family function defect in the range of the most widely are emotional satisfaction and takes part in transaction function,emotional function,emotional satisfaction and takes part in transaction,takes part in transaction;Moreover,different types of left-behind families have different degrees of functional defects,among which "three left-behind families","double left-behind families" and "single left-behind families" have the most serious functional defects,which are emotional satisfaction function,upbringing and support function,and support function.Therefore,based on the theory of social ecosystem,the author puts left-behind families in the whole social system,and tries to find the best mode for the coordinated development of left-behind families and social environment from three sub-systems,namely,the personal sub-system of the "three left-behind" personnel to improve their self-development ability and give play to their role flexibility,the interpersonal sub-system of couples' mutual compensation,parent-child communication,kinship support and neighborhood support,and the social sub-system of giving full play to the role of the government,community service,community assistance and social participation,so as to effectively compensate the functional defects of left-behind families.