From "Isolated" To "Inclusive":Research On The Reformation And Development Of Special Education In Britain(1760-1981)

The history of British special education is not only a part of the history of British education,it is also a subject worthy of in-depth study in many issues concerning British history and British education.Despite the fact that since the birth of the first school for children with disabilities,British special education has only gone through more than 250 years of development,but its special education system has evolved from scratch,from point to surface,and gradually improved.And the British special education has gradually integrated into the mainstream with social development,has a clear representation in the history of special education in the world.The educational thoughts,educational practices,and proposed teaching concepts formed during the development of British special education have not only become one of the important origins of special education,but have also played a crucial role in the emergence of special education in the European continent and North America.These have had a profound impact for the development of the world's special education in the next 200 years.From a historical perspective,this study systematically studies the evolution of British special education from generation to integration.First of all,the study sorts out the development process of British special education from the macro level,and then summarizes the development path from "Isolated-Segregated-Inclusive" by taking the core concepts affecting education reform at various stages as the key points.Secondly,at the meso level,the study analyzes the social background,influencing factors,educational practices,and development characteristics of each stage of British special education development,reveals the role and relationship of the outlook of the disabled,religious charity,scientific and technical medicine,government forces,and social thoughts in different stages of the development of special education.Thirdly,at the micro level,the study describes many details of the practice activities of the special education at each stage,and reflects the practical impact of the "Isolated" to the "Inclusive"concept transformation by the actual changes in the situation of special student education,and also reflects the overall appearance of the historical process of British special education in a panoramic view.On this basis,this study summarizes the historical context of the development of British special education,reveals the inherent laws of the reform of the British special education concept,and provides references and enlightenments for the development of China's current special education.