| Ecological immigration is a special migration process that has the dual functions of poverty alleviation and ecological construction.Its essence is the process of regional spatial reconstruction,which is the recombination and re-structure of various spatial elements within the geographical scope of the immigration zone.The process is also a process of seeking regional sustainable development in the national land space.The human geography process is the spatial result of the interaction between human activities and the natural environment,and is the external manifestation of human-land relationship.The process of recombination and re-structuring of various elements in the process of ecological migration significantly changes the material and energy cycle of the regional terrestrial surface system,and constrains and influences the regional human geography process to a certain extent.Ecological migration is based on the spatial process of the population,including the economic spatial process,the infrastructure process and the socio-cultural process.The human geography process changes the regional spatial pattern of the immigration zone,and the degree of combination of different spatial processes changes the regional sustainable development.The level has an important impact.Based on the theory of human-land relationship,population migration theory and sustainable development theory,this study takes Ningxia ecological immigrant village as the research object;through the construction of four processes including population space process,economic space process,infrastructure process and socio-cultural space process.Dimensional ecological immigration village human geography process index system;use equal proportion stratified sampling and simple random sampling method to calculate sample villages and sample households;obtain research data through participatory rural evaluation method;use BP neural network model to ecological immigrant village population space processes,economic spatial processes,infrastructure processes,and socio-cultural spatial processes are spatially simulated,and population spatial process indices,economic spatial process indices,infrastructure process indices,and socio-cultural spatial process indices are obtained;ecological migration villages are calculated by comprehensive index method.The human geography process index finally uses the geo-detector to diagnose the spatial differentiation factors of the human geography process in the ecological immigrant village;and proposes different control strategies for different influencing factors.The study found that:(1)During the study period,the HGPI of Ningxia ecological immigrant village showed a trend of increasing slowly,indicating that the various systems of the ecological resettlement village were continuously optimized,and the different systems tended to be coordinated.The spatial elements were integrated in the ecological resettlement village,and the sustainable level was continuously improved.From different regions,the HGPI of ecological immigrant villages in the Yellow River irrigation district is higher than that of the ecological immigrant villages in the central and southern regions,indicating that the sustainable development level of ecological immigrant villages in the Yellow River irrigation district is higher than the sustainable development level of ecological immigrant villages in the central and southern regions.(2)From the perspective of different ecological immigration periods,the HGPI of the immigrant villages in the different areas during the immigration period is the highest,indicating that the internal factors of eco-immigration are highly coordinated and the level of sustainable development is high;followed by the ex situ ecological immigrants and the central drought.The immigration village with ecological immigration period;the HGPI of the middle-south ecological immigrant villages since the 12th Five-Year Plan period is low,indicating that the coordination of various elements within the eco-immigration village is not high and the level of sustainable development is low.(3)From the perspective of immigrant villages with different geographical spatial structure,the HGPI of immigrant villages with different geographical spatial structure increased significantly during the study period.The order of HGPI of different geographical spatial structure and ecological immigrant villages in the Yellow River irrigation district was in the order of jumping ecological resettlement villages(average 2.080)>mosaic ecological resettlement villages(average 1.933)>wedge type ecological immigrant villages(average 1.763);The order of HGPI of different ecological spatial structure ecological immigrant villages in the ecological immigration period is skipping ecological resettlement village(average 2.233)>mosaic ecological resettlement village(average 1.927)>wedge ecological resettlement village(average 1.874);central and southern ecological immigrants The order of HGPI of different geographical spatial structure ecological immigrant villages in the period was skipping ecological resettlement village(average 2.237)>mosaic ecological resettlement village(average 2.303)>wedge type ecological immigrant village(average 2.010).The HGPI of different geographical spatial structure and ecological immigrant villages in the middle and southern regions are classified as jumping ecological resettlement villages(average 1.989)>wedge ecological resettlement villages(average 1.907);different geographical spaces in the ecological arid period of the central arid zone The ranking of HGPI in structural ecological resettlement villages is mosaic ecological resettlement village(average 2.106)>jumping ecological resettlement village(average 2.073)>wedge ecological resettlement village(average 1.904);ecological spatial migration village with different geographical spatial structure in the middle and southern ecological immigration period The order of HGPI is skipping ecological resettlement village(average 2.115)>mosaic ecological resettlement village(average 2.063)>wedge ecological resettlement village(average 1.863).(4)There are significant differences in the influencing factors of human geography process in Ningxia Ecological Immigration Village.On the whole,the per capita arable land area and the low per capita income of immigrants are common phenomena in different periods,but there are differences in the degree of different ecological immigration periods.In addition,during the period of different ecological immigration,some immigrant villages are located in remote areas,3/4 away from the central city,and the infrastructures such as education and medical care are not perfect,which increases the economic and trade of immigrants and the cost of studying and seeking medical care.The infrastructure network of ecological immigrant villages does not exist.Sound,the level of immigration life information is not high and the immigration policy satisfaction is not high.From the perspective of ecological housing villages with different geographical spatial structure,ecological housing villages with different geographical spatial structure generally have low immigrant income,insufficient per capita education low comprehensive quality of immigration technology,lack of skills to get rich and rich projects;mosaic ecological immigrant villages and wedges The problem of women's social status is not high in the type of ecological immigrant villages;the problems of poor neighboring relationship in the wedge-type ecological immigrant villages and the low level of national customs are more prominent,and some jumping ecological immigrant villages and wedge-type ecological immigrant villages exist.The poor living environment of immigrants and the lack of funds for getting rich.(5)Based on the analysis of the human geography process of Ningxia ecological immigrant village and the detection of influencing factors,the authors put forward different strategies for the different humanities and geography process of different ecological immigrant villages. |
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