The Trade Openness Promot The Development Of China's Women

Since China's accession to the WTO in 2001,the process of international trade liberalization is pushing forward in our country,and International trade has become one of the important factors to the rapid economic development of our country.After ten years of development,Import and export trade in our country has reached $36.41938 trillion,which is 8.81 times that of 2001.Trade openness,in China,is rise from 32.67%in 1989 to 70.01%in 2004,which has broken the record.While the international trade liberalization is benefit to our economic growth and improves the national welfare,women's unequal employment opportunities,low wages,unequal education opportunities,their health and other social problems emerge in endlessly.Therefore,to find out the dynamic relationship between the trade openness and the gender development in our country will promote China's economic development and optimize the employment structure.And it will also be great significance of alleviate social contradictions.Predecessors' researches about the trade openness impacts on economic growth and national welfare usually not only have no points about sex,but also have not from the angle of gender development in our country.In addition,researches of domestic academia about gender development are almost staying in the view of sociology angle,and even if some of those researches have introduced economic factors,those studies are also limited to the gender wage gap,and those studies are not in the view of GDI index,which can analyze the influence factors of gender development in our country in all-round perspective.This study is based on David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage and Heckscher-Ohlin's classic trade theory,which is going to build a theoretical framework of this paper,and then respectively put forward three hypotheses about the effect of trade openness on the regional distribution of employment in our country,employment department distribution and female human capital.This paper will use the available panel data of China's 31 provinces,autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government,combine with the figures based on predecessors' research results of some key indicators data(points gender labor participation rate,sex,on average,the fixed number of year of the education,etc.),and then this paper will establish measurement model to verify on those three hypotheses.In addition,this article will be China's eastern,central and western three areas independence,separate validation,then compare its effect.Finally,basing on the two aspects of theory and empirical analysis,this paper will summarize the research conclusion,and will put forward policy suggestions according to the conclusions and current situation,in order to provide the basis for trade policy formulation,configuration of resources and regional economic coordinated development.The study found that:(1)Since our country's accession to the WTO,the foreign trade of China has achieved rapid development.At present,China's total export is more than the total import trade,export dependence is more than import dependency,which is reflecting the increasing dependent on foreign market in our country.In addition,the total trade of central and east regions accounts for the vast majority of China's total trade volume,and trade volume growth in west areas is relatively more quickly than other areas.(2)Since the year 2000,Female employment in China have been improved to a certain extent,but compared to male,the gap between male and female labor participation rate has a tendency to further expand.And nowadays,our country female is mainly employed in the tertiary industry,and then the second industry,finally the first industry;The average years of female education is improving,and the years gap between male and female is narrowing;The female average life expectancy has a little change.(3)Trade openness increased the female labor force participation rate in our country,but the effect of the trade openness on the female labor force participation rate is varied in different areas of our country.Trade openness as a whole has improved female human capital in China,but there has differences between the impact on male and female human capital,trade openness has widen the human capital gap between men and women.