The Impact Of Trade Liberalization On Employment In The Country

With the improvement of China's openness to the outside world and the development of the economy,China's employment and employment structure have undergone tremendous changes.US President Trump believes that trade liberalization is an important factor leading to the decline of employment in the United States,but trade liberalization is not a zero-sum game,but a mutual benefit.The impact of trade liberalization on employment in China is worthy of our in-depth study.Traditional trade theory focuses on the study of the impact of trade on countries and industries.Since the availability of micro data has increased,scholars have begun to study the impact of trade liberalization on companies.In order to deepen the understanding of the impact of trade liberalization on the employment of Chinese enterprises,this paper regards the impact of China's WTO accession policy at the end of 2001 as a natural experiment to study the impact of trade liberalization on the employment of enterprises at the micro level.The development of foreign trade of enterprises depends on the characteristics of the enterprise itself.In order to examine in detail the employment impact of trade liberalization on different enterprises in China,this paper analyzes the sample data according to different standards.Clarifying the path of trade liberalization to the employment of different types of enterprises helps to provide a reference for the rational formulation of trade policies.This paper firstly combs the trade theory and the existing literature on the impact of trade liberalization on employment,summarizes the existing research content and research methods,and summarizes the impact of trade liberalization on employment.Including the export effect of enterprises,industrial adjustment effects,competition effects,technological upgrading effects and institutional construction effects.Subsequently,we regard the impact of China's entry into the WTO at the end of 2001 as a natural experiment,and construct a difference-in-difference model to examine the impact of large-scale tariff reduction on the employment of manufacturing enterprises in China.In order to clarify the impact of tariff concessions on the employment of different enterprises,this paper analyzes the impact of tariff concessions on employment of different types of enterprises.The conclusions of China's tariff reduction on the employment impact of different types of enterprises are as follows:First,tariff reductions have significantly contributed to the growth of employment in Chinese companies.Tariff reduction has no obvious impact on the employment of processing enterprises,and has significantly promoted the employment increase of non-processing enterprises,enterprises with import behavior and enterprises with export behavior.Second,tariff reduction has no significant impact on the employment of labor-intensive enterprises,and has a strong employment promotion effect for capital-intensive and capital-intensive enterprises.Third,tariff reduction has no significant impact on the employment of state-owned enterprises and other domestic enterprises,and has a significant pulling effect on the employment of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan and foreign-funded enterprises.Fourth,tariff reduction has a significant role in promoting employment in medium and high-tech industries and low-and medium-tech industries.Fifth,tariff reduction has significantly promoted the employment increase of enterprises in the eastern region of China,and has no significant impact on the employment of enterprises in the central and western regions of China.Based on the results of empirical research,this paper presents targeted policy recommendations.For example,we should pay attention to the role of import and export in the employment level of enterprises,and at the same time promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade.Promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure,and focus on cultivating middle and high-tech labor in the process of trade liberalization.Pay attention to the development of non-public enterprises and improve the level of domestic employment.Promote the coordinated development of employment in the eastern,central and western regions and enhance the flow of labor factors.